ubuntu使用kubeadm搭建k8s集群

小石潭记丶

于 2024-07-09 21:30:21 发布

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文章标签： ubuntu kubernetes linux

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_33371766/article/details/140305866

版权

一、卸载k8s

kubeadm reset -f
modprobe -r ipip
lsmod
rm -rf ~/.kube/
rm -rf /etc/kubernetes/
rm -rf /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d
rm -rf /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service
rm -rf /usr/bin/kube*
rm -rf /etc/cni
rm -rf /opt/cni
rm -rf /var/lib/etcd
rm -rf /var/etcd
apt clean all
apt remove kube*

二、安装K8S一主两从集群

k8s-master01 192.168.124.132 操作系统： Ubuntu20.04

k8s-node01 192.168.124.133 操作系统： Ubuntu20.04

k8s-node02 192.168.124.134 操作系统： Ubuntu20.04

最低配置：2核 2G内存 20G硬盘

1、环境准备：（所有服务器都需要操作）

1) 时间同步

timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai

sudo apt install ntpdate

sudo ntpdate ntp.ubuntu.com

2) 固定IP地址

Ubuntu固定虚拟机的ip地址-CSDN博客

3）修改主机名

[root@k8s-master1 ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master
[root@k8s-node1 ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node1
[root@k8s-node2 ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node2

4）关闭交换分区

#临时关闭所有的交换分区
swapoff -a
 
#永久关闭所有的交换分区
sed -i '/swap/s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab

5）所有节点都添加集群ip与主机名到hosts中：

cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF 
172.16.11.221 k8s-master
172.16.11.222 k8s-node1
172.16.11.223 k8s-node2
EOF

配置内核转发及网桥过滤：

cat > /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf << EOF
overlay
br_netfilter
EOF

加载配置：

modprobe overlay

modprobe br_netfilter

查看是否加载：

lsmod |grep overlay

lsmod |grep br_netfilter

cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
EOF

让配置生效：

sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf

查看是否加载生效

lsmod |grep br_netfilter

6）关闭防火墙

sudo systemctl disable --now ufw

7）修改Ubuntu的sources.list

ubuntu | 镜像站使用帮助 | 清华大学开源软件镜像站 | Tsinghua Open Source Mirror

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# 以下安全更新软件源包含了官方源与镜像站配置，如有需要可自行修改注释切换
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

8）安装ipset和ipvsadm

apt install ipset ipvsadm

配置 ipvsadm 模块加载方式

cat > /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf << EOF
#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack
EOF

写成一个脚本文件

cat << EOF | tee ipvs.sh
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack
EOF

授权运行检查：

授权运行检查：

chmod 755 /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf && bash /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf && lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack

9）容器运行时containetd

wget https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v1.7.15/cri-containerd-1.7.15-linux-amd64.tar.gz

可能由于网络问题：链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1VoYMDB6ikOTSn4W-tziY9g 提取码: 3cvd
--来自百度网盘超级会员v2的分享

解压并查看

tar xf cri-containerd-1.7.15-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /

which containerd

10）containerd配置文件生成并修改

创建文件：

mkdir /etc/containerd

生成配置文件：

containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml

修改配置文件将3.8改为3.9

或者改为阿里云：registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9

vim /etc/containerd/config.toml

建议使用阿里云的镜像

disabled_plugins = []
imports = []
oom_score = 0
plugin_dir = ""
required_plugins = []
root = "/var/lib/containerd"
state = "/run/containerd"
temp = ""
version = 2

[cgroup]
  path = ""

[debug]
  address = ""
  format = ""
  gid = 0
  level = ""
  uid = 0

[grpc]
  address = "/run/containerd/containerd.sock"
  gid = 0
  max_recv_message_size = 16777216
  max_send_message_size = 16777216
  tcp_address = ""
  tcp_tls_ca = ""
  tcp_tls_cert = ""
  tcp_tls_key = ""
  uid = 0

[metrics]
  address = ""
  grpc_histogram = false

[plugins]

  [plugins."io.containerd.gc.v1.scheduler"]
    deletion_threshold = 0
    mutation_threshold = 100
    pause_threshold = 0.02
    schedule_delay = "0s"
    startup_delay = "100ms"

  [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri"]
    cdi_spec_dirs = ["/etc/cdi", "/var/run/cdi"]
    device_ownership_from_security_context = false
    disable_apparmor = false
    disable_cgroup = false
    disable_hugetlb_controller = true
    disable_proc_mount = false
    disable_tcp_service = true
    drain_exec_sync_io_timeout = "0s"
    enable_cdi = false
    enable_selinux = false
    enable_tls_streaming = false
    enable_unprivileged_icmp = false
    enable_unprivileged_ports = false
    ignore_deprecation_warnings = []
    ignore_image_defined_volumes = false
    image_pull_progress_timeout = "5m0s"
    image_pull_with_sync_fs = false
    max_concurrent_downloads = 3
    max_container_log_line_size = 16384
    netns_mounts_under_state_dir = false
    restrict_oom_score_adj = false
    sandbox_image = "registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9"
    selinux_category_range = 1024
    stats_collect_period = 10
    stream_idle_timeout = "4h0m0s"
    stream_server_address = "127.0.0.1"
    stream_server_port = "0"
    systemd_cgroup = false
    tolerate_missing_hugetlb_controller = true
    unset_seccomp_profile = ""

    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".cni]
      bin_dir = "/opt/cni/bin"
      conf_dir = "/etc/cni/net.d"
      conf_template = ""
      ip_pref = ""
      max_conf_num = 1
      setup_serially = false

    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd]
      default_runtime_name = "runc"
      disable_snapshot_annotations = true
      discard_unpacked_layers = false
      ignore_blockio_not_enabled_errors = false
      ignore_rdt_not_enabled_errors = false
      no_pivot = false
      snapshotter = "overlayfs"

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.default_runtime]
        base_runtime_spec = ""
        cni_conf_dir = ""
        cni_max_conf_num = 0
        container_annotations = []
        pod_annotations = []
        privileged_without_host_devices = false
        privileged_without_host_devices_all_devices_allowed = false
        runtime_engine = ""
        runtime_path = ""
        runtime_root = ""
        runtime_type = ""
        sandbox_mode = ""
        snapshotter = ""

        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.default_runtime.options]

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes]

        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc]
          base_runtime_spec = ""
          cni_conf_dir = ""
          cni_max_conf_num = 0
          container_annotations = []
          pod_annotations = []
          privileged_without_host_devices = false
          privileged_without_host_devices_all_devices_allowed = false
          runtime_engine = ""
          runtime_path = ""
          runtime_root = ""
          runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v2"
          sandbox_mode = "podsandbox"
          snapshotter = ""

          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc.options]
            BinaryName = ""
            CriuImagePath = ""
            CriuPath = ""
            CriuWorkPath = ""
            IoGid = 0
            IoUid = 0
            NoNewKeyring = false
            NoPivotRoot = false
            Root = ""
            ShimCgroup = ""
            SystemdCgroup = true

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.untrusted_workload_runtime]
        base_runtime_spec = ""
        cni_conf_dir = ""
        cni_max_conf_num = 0
        container_annotations = []
        pod_annotations = []
        privileged_without_host_devices = false
        privileged_without_host_devices_all_devices_allowed = false
        runtime_engine = ""
        runtime_path = ""
        runtime_root = ""
        runtime_type = ""
        sandbox_mode = ""
        snapshotter = ""

        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.untrusted_workload_runtime.options]

    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".image_decryption]
      key_model = "node"

    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry]
      config_path = "/etc/containerd/certs.d"

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.auths]

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.configs]

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.headers]

      [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors]

    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".x509_key_pair_streaming]
      tls_cert_file = ""
      tls_key_file = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.opt"]
    path = "/opt/containerd"

  [plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.restart"]
    interval = "10s"

  [plugins."io.containerd.internal.v1.tracing"]

  [plugins."io.containerd.metadata.v1.bolt"]
    content_sharing_policy = "shared"

  [plugins."io.containerd.monitor.v1.cgroups"]
    no_prometheus = false

  [plugins."io.containerd.nri.v1.nri"]
    disable = true
    disable_connections = false
    plugin_config_path = "/etc/nri/conf.d"
    plugin_path = "/opt/nri/plugins"
    plugin_registration_timeout = "5s"
    plugin_request_timeout = "2s"
    socket_path = "/var/run/nri/nri.sock"

  [plugins."io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux"]
    no_shim = false
    runtime = "runc"
    runtime_root = ""
    shim = "containerd-shim"
    shim_debug = false

  [plugins."io.containerd.runtime.v2.task"]
    platforms = ["linux/amd64"]
    sched_core = false

  [plugins."io.containerd.service.v1.diff-service"]
    default = ["walking"]

  [plugins."io.containerd.service.v1.tasks-service"]
    blockio_config_file = ""
    rdt_config_file = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.aufs"]
    root_path = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.blockfile"]
    fs_type = ""
    mount_options = []
    root_path = ""
    scratch_file = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.btrfs"]
    root_path = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.devmapper"]
    async_remove = false
    base_image_size = ""
    discard_blocks = false
    fs_options = ""
    fs_type = ""
    pool_name = ""
    root_path = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.native"]
    root_path = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.overlayfs"]
    mount_options = []
    root_path = ""
    sync_remove = false
    upperdir_label = false

  [plugins."io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.zfs"]
    root_path = ""

  [plugins."io.containerd.tracing.processor.v1.otlp"]

  [plugins."io.containerd.transfer.v1.local"]
    config_path = ""
    max_concurrent_downloads = 3
    max_concurrent_uploaded_layers = 3

    [[plugins."io.containerd.transfer.v1.local".unpack_config]]
      differ = ""
      platform = "linux/amd64"
      snapshotter = "overlayfs"

[proxy_plugins]

[stream_processors]

  [stream_processors."io.containerd.ocicrypt.decoder.v1.tar"]
    accepts = ["application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+encrypted"]
    args = ["--decryption-keys-path", "/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/keys"]
    env = ["OCICRYPT_KEYPROVIDER_CONFIG=/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/ocicrypt_keyprovider.conf"]
    path = "ctd-decoder"
    returns = "application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar"

  [stream_processors."io.containerd.ocicrypt.decoder.v1.tar.gzip"]
    accepts = ["application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+gzip+encrypted"]
    args = ["--decryption-keys-path", "/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/keys"]
    env = ["OCICRYPT_KEYPROVIDER_CONFIG=/etc/containerd/ocicrypt/ocicrypt_keyprovider.conf"]
    path = "ctd-decoder"
    returns = "application/vnd.oci.image.layer.v1.tar+gzip"

[timeouts]
  "io.containerd.timeout.bolt.open" = "0s"
  "io.containerd.timeout.metrics.shimstats" = "2s"
  "io.containerd.timeout.shim.cleanup" = "5s"
  "io.containerd.timeout.shim.load" = "5s"
  "io.containerd.timeout.shim.shutdown" = "3s"
  "io.containerd.timeout.task.state" = "2s"

[ttrpc]
  address = ""
  gid = 0
  uid = 0

创建上图相应的文件目录

mkdir -p /etc/containerd/certs.d/docker.io

配置加速

cat > /etc/containerd/certs.d/docker.io/hosts.toml << EOF
server = "https://docker.io"
[host."https://x46sxvnb.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
  capabilities = ["pull", "resolve"]
EOF

启动并设置开机自启

systemctl enable --now containerd

查看版本：

containerd --version

2、集群部署（所有服务器都需要操作）

1、下载用于kubernetes软件包仓库的公告签名密钥

k8s社区源（和下面的阿里云源二选一即可）网络问题选择阿里云

创建目录：

sudo mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings/

下载密钥

curl -fsSL https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.30/deb/Release.key | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg

阿里云源

创建目录：

sudo mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings/

下载密钥

curl -fsSL https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes-new/core/stable/v1.30/deb/Release.key | gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg

k8s社区（和下面的阿里云源二选一即可）

添加kubernetes apt仓库

echo 'deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg] https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.30/deb/ /' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list

阿里云

添加kubernetes apt仓库

echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg] https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes-new/core/stable/v1.30/deb/ /" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list

更新仓库

apt-get update

查看软件列表：

apt-cache policy kubeadm

安装指定版本：

sudo apt-get install -y kubelet=1.30.0-1.1 kubeadm=1.30.0-1.1 kubectl=1.30.0-1.1

修改kubelet配置

vim /etc/sysconfig/kubelet 

KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS="--cgroup-driver=systemd"

设置为开机自启

systemctl enable kubelet

锁定版本，防止后期自动更新。

sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl

解锁版本，可以执行更新

sudo apt-mark unhold kubelet kubeadm kubectl

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ubuntu使用kubeadm搭建k8s集群

可能由于网络问题：链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1VoYMDB6ikOTSn4W-tziY9g 提取码: 3cvd。或者改为阿里云：registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9。k8s-node01 192.168.124.133 操作系统： Ubuntu20.04。k8s-node02 192.168.124.134 操作系统： Ubuntu20.04。最低配置：2核 2G内存 20G硬盘。
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