python生成器——廖雪峰教程笔记

部分转自https://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/0014316089557264a6b348958f449949df42a6d3a2e542c000/0014317799226173f45ce40636141b6abc8424e12b5fb27000：

一，生成器：

1、 #g 相当于__iter__返回的对象，可调用next(g) 拿到下一个值

>>> g = (x * x for x in range(10))
>>> for n in g:
...     print(n)

2、g = fib(6)生成一个generator对象<generator object fib at 0x104feaaa0>，然后可调用next(g)，遇到yield返回，下次从上次返回的yield处开始执行

>>> for n in fib(6):
...     print(n)

def fib(max):
    n, a, b = 0, 0, 1
    while n < max:
        yield b
        a, b = b, a + b
        n = n + 1
    return 'done'

>>> g = fib(6)
>>> while True:
...     try:
...         x = next(g)
...         print('g:', x)
...     except StopIteration as e:
...         print('Generator return value:', e.value)
...         break
...
g: 1
g: 1
g: 2
g: 3
g: 5
g: 8
Generator return value: done

>>> g = (x*x for x in range(10))
>>> g
<generator object <genexpr> at 0x02A37D50>
>>> def fib(max):
	a, b = 1, 1
	n = 0
	while n < max:
		yield a
		a, b = b, a+b
		n = n+1

		
>>> fib
<function fib at 0x02A3F6A8>
>>> g = fib(6)
>>> g
<generator object fib at 0x02A37D80>
>>> for n in g:
	print(n)

	
1
1
2
3
5
8
>>> g = fib(6)
>>> while True:
	try:
		n = next(g)
		print(n)
	except StopIteration as e:
		print('Generator return value:', e.value)
		break

	
1
1
2
3
5
8
Generator return value: None

转自：https://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/0014316089557264a6b348958f449949df42a6d3a2e542c000/0014319098638265527beb24f7840aa97de564ccc7f20f6000

二，

__iter__  类

如果一个类想被用于for ... in循环，类似list或tuple那样，就必须实现一个__iter__()方法，该方法返回一个迭代对象，然后，Python的for循环就会不断调用该迭代对象的__next__()方法拿到循环的下一个值，直到遇到StopIteration错误时退出循环。

我们以斐波那契数列为例，写一个Fib类，可以作用于for循环：

class Fib(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.a, self.b = 0, 1 # 初始化两个计数器a，b

    def __iter__(self):
        return self # 实例本身就是迭代对象，故返回自己

    def __next__(self):


        self.a, self.b = self.b, self.a + self.b # 计算下一个值
        if self.a > 100000: # 退出循环的条件
            raise StopIteration()
        return self.a # 返回下一个值

现在，试试把Fib实例作用于for循环：

>>> for n in Fib():
...     print(n)
...
1
1
2
3
5
...
46368
75025

>>> class Fib(object):
	def __init__(self):
		self.a = 0
		self.b = 1
	def __iter__(self):
		return self
	def __next__(self):
		self.a, self.b = self.b, self.a+self.b
		if self.a > 100:
			raise StopIteration
		return self.a

	
>>> Fib
<class '__main__.Fib'>
>>> g = Fib()
>>> g
<__main__.Fib object at 0x02A38E70>
>>> next(g)
1
>>> for n in g:
	print(n)

	
1
2
3
5
8
13
21
34
55
89