装饰模式——扩展系统功能
装饰模式(Decorator Pattern):动态地给一个对象增加一些额外的职责,就增加对象功能来说,装饰模式比生成子类实现更为灵活。装饰模式是一种对象结构型模式。
场景:Sunny软件公司基于面向对象技术开发了一套图形界面构件库VisualComponent,该构件库提供了大量基本构件,如窗体、文本框、列表框等,由于在使用该构件库时,用户经常要求定制一些特效显示效果,如带滚动条的窗体、带黑色边框的文本框、既带滚动条又带黑色边框的列表框等等,因此经常需要对该构件库进行扩展以增强其功能。
解决方案结构图:
//抽象界面构件类:抽象构件类
public abstract class Component {
public abstract void display();
}
//窗体类:具体构件类
public class Window extends Component {
@Override
public void display() {
System.out.println("显示窗体!");
}
}
//文本框类:具体构件类
public class TextBox extends Component {
@Override
public void display() {
System.out.println("显示文本框!");
}
}
//列表框类:具体构件类
public class ListBox extends Component {
@Override
public void display() {
System.out.println("显示列表框!");
}
}
//构件装饰类:抽象装饰类
public class ComponentDecorator extends Component{
private Component component;
public ComponentDecorator(Component component) {
this.component = component;
}
@Override
public void display() {
component.display();
}
}
//滚动条装饰类:具体装饰类
public class ScrollBarDecorator extends ComponentDecorator {
public ScrollBarDecorator(Component component) {
super(component);
}
@Override
public void display() {
this.setScrollBar();
super.display();
}
public void setScrollBar()
{
System.out.println("为构件增加滚动条!");
}
}
public class BlackBorderDecorator extends ComponentDecorator{
public BlackBorderDecorator(Component component) {
super(component);
}
@Override
public void display() {
this.setBlackBorder();
super.display();
}
public void setBlackBorder()
{
System.out.println("为构件增加黑色边框!");
}
}
测试代码1:
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Component window = new Window();
window .display();
}
}
显示结果:
测试代码2:
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Component window = new Window();
Component componentBB = new BlackBorderDecorator(window);
componentBB .display();
}
}
显示结果:
测试代码3:
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Component window = new Window();
Component componentBB = new BlackBorderDecorator(window);
Component componentSB = new ScrollBarDecorator(componentBB);
componentSB .display();
}
}
显示结果::