java XML解析

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-12 23:01:19 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-12 23:01:19 发布

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XML在不同的语言里解析方式都是一样的,只不过实现的语法不同而已。基本的解析方式有两种,一种叫SAX，另一种叫DOM。SAX是基于事件流的解析,DOM是基于XML文档树结构的解析。假设我们XML的内容和结构如下:

[html] view plain copy print ?

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<employees>
<employee>
<name>ddviplinux</name>
<sex>m</sex>
<age>30</age>
</employee>
</employees>

本文使用JAVA语言来实现DOM与SAX的XML文档生成与解析。
首先定义一个操作XML文档的接口XmlDocument 它定义了XML文档的建立与解析的接口。

[java] view plain copy print ?

package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;
/**
*
* 定义XML文档建立与解析的接口
*/
public interface XmlDocument {
/**
* 建立XML文档
* @param fileName 文件全路径名称
*/
public void createXml(String fileName);
/**
* 解析XML文档
* @param fileName 文件全路径名称
*/
public void parserXml(String fileName);
}

1.DOM生成和解析XML文档

为 XML 文档的已解析版本定义了一组接口。解析器读入整个文档，然后构建一个驻留内存的树结构，然后代码就可以使用 DOM 接口来操作这个树结构。优点：整个文档树在内存中，便于操作；支持删除、修改、重新排列等多种功能；缺点：将整个文档调入内存（包括无用的节点），浪费时间和空间；使用场合：一旦解析了文档还需多次访问这些数据；硬件资源充足（内存、CPU）。

[java] view plain copy print ?

package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.OutputKeys;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
/**
*
* DOM生成与解析XML文档
*/
public class DomDemo implements XmlDocument {
private Document document;
private String fileName;
public void init() {
try {
DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory
.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
this.document = builder.newDocument();
} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
}
public void createXml(String fileName) {
Element root = this.document.createElement("employees");
this.document.appendChild(root);
Element employee = this.document.createElement("employee");
Element name = this.document.createElement("name");
name.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode("丁宏亮"));
employee.appendChild(name);
Element sex = this.document.createElement("sex");
sex.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode("m"));
employee.appendChild(sex);
Element age = this.document.createElement("age");
age.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode("30"));
employee.appendChild(age);
root.appendChild(employee);
TransformerFactory tf = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
try {
Transformer transformer = tf.newTransformer();
DOMSource source = new DOMSource(document);
transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.ENCODING, "gb2312");
transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT, "yes");
PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(new FileOutputStream(fileName));
StreamResult result = new StreamResult(pw);
transformer.transform(source, result);
System.out.println("生成XML文件成功!");
} catch (TransformerConfigurationException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
} catch (TransformerException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
}
public void parserXml(String fileName) {
try {
DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
Document document = db.parse(fileName);
NodeList employees = document.getChildNodes();
for (int i = 0; i < employees.getLength(); i++) {
Node employee = employees.item(i);
NodeList employeeInfo = employee.getChildNodes();
for (int j = 0; j < employeeInfo.getLength(); j++) {
Node node = employeeInfo.item(j);
NodeList employeeMeta = node.getChildNodes();
for (int k = 0; k < employeeMeta.getLength(); k++) {
System.out.println(employeeMeta.item(k).getNodeName()
+ ":" + employeeMeta.item(k).getTextContent());
}
}
}
System.out.println("解析完毕");
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
} catch (SAXException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
}
}

2.SAX生成和解析XML文档

为解决DOM的问题，出现了SAX。SAX ，事件驱动。当解析器发现元素开始、元素结束、文本、文档的开始或结束等时，发送事件，程序员编写响应这些事件的代码，保存数据。优点：不用事先调入整个文档，占用资源少；SAX解析器代码比DOM解析器代码小，适于Applet，下载。缺点：不是持久的；事件过后，若没保存数据，那么数据就丢了；无状态性；从事件中只能得到文本，但不知该文本属于哪个元素；使用场合：Applet;只需XML文档的少量内容，很少回头访问；机器内存少；

[java] view plain copy print ?

package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;
import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;
/**
*
* SAX文档解析
*/
public class SaxDemo implements XmlDocument {
public void createXml(String fileName) {
System.out.println("<<"+filename+">>");
}
public void parserXml(String fileName) {
SAXParserFactory saxfac = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
try {
SAXParser saxparser = saxfac.newSAXParser();
InputStream is = new FileInputStream(fileName);
saxparser.parse(is, new MySAXHandler());
} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SAXException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
class MySAXHandler extends DefaultHandler {
boolean hasAttribute = false;
Attributes attributes = null;
public void startDocument() throws SAXException {
System.out.println("文档开始打印了");
}
public void endDocument() throws SAXException {
System.out.println("文档打印结束了");
}
public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName,
Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
if (qName.equals("employees")) {
return;
}
if (qName.equals("employee")) {
System.out.println(qName);
}
if (attributes.getLength() > 0) {
this.attributes = attributes;
this.hasAttribute = true;
}
}
public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName)
throws SAXException {
if (hasAttribute && (attributes != null)) {
for (int i = 0; i < attributes.getLength(); i++) {
System.out.println(attributes.getQName(0)
+ attributes.getValue(0));
}
}
}
public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length)
throws SAXException {
System.out.println(new String(ch, start, length));
}
}

3.DOM4J生成和解析XML文档

DOM4J 是一个非常非常优秀的JavaXML API，具有性能优异、功能强大和极端易用使用的特点，同时它也是一个开放源代码的软件。如今你可以看到越来越多的 Java 软件都在使用 DOM4J 来读写 XML，特别值得一提的是连 Sun 的 JAXM 也在用 DOM4J。

[java] view plain copy print ?

package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.util.Iterator;
import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.DocumentException;
import org.dom4j.DocumentHelper;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
import org.dom4j.io.XMLWriter;
/**
*
* Dom4j 生成XML文档与解析XML文档
*/
public class Dom4jDemo implements XmlDocument {
public void createXml(String fileName) {
Document document = DocumentHelper.createDocument();
Element employees=document.addElement("employees");
Element employee=employees.addElement("employee");
Element name= employee.addElement("name");
name.setText("ddvip");
Element sex=employee.addElement("sex");
sex.setText("m");
Element age=employee.addElement("age");
age.setText("29");
try {
Writer fileWriter=new FileWriter(fileName);
XMLWriter xmlWriter=new XMLWriter(fileWriter);
xmlWriter.write(document);
xmlWriter.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
}
public void parserXml(String fileName) {
File inputXml=new File(fileName);
SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader();
try {
Document document = saxReader.read(inputXml);
Element employees=document.getRootElement();
for(Iterator i = employees.elementIterator(); i.hasNext();){
Element employee = (Element) i.next();
for(Iterator j = employee.elementIterator(); j.hasNext();){
Element node=(Element) j.next();
System.out.println(node.getName()+":"+node.getText());
}
}
} catch (DocumentException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
System.out.println("dom4j parserXml");
}
}

4.JDOM生成和解析XML

为减少DOM、SAX的编码量，出现了JDOM；优点：20-80原则，极大减少了代码量。使用场合：要实现的功能简单，如解析、创建等，但在底层，JDOM还是使用SAX（最常用）、DOM、Xanan文档。

[java] view plain copy print ?

package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import org.jdom.Document;
import org.jdom.Element;
import org.jdom.JDOMException;
import org.jdom.input.SAXBuilder;
import org.jdom.output.XMLOutputter;
/**
*
* JDOM 生成与解析XML文档
*
*/
public class JDomDemo implements XmlDocument {
public void createXml(String fileName) {
Document document;
Element root;
root=new Element("employees");
document=new Document(root);
Element employee=new Element("employee");
root.addContent(employee);
Element name=new Element("name");
name.setText("ddvip");
employee.addContent(name);
Element sex=new Element("sex");
sex.setText("m");
employee.addContent(sex);
Element age=new Element("age");
age.setText("23");
employee.addContent(age);
XMLOutputter XMLOut = new XMLOutputter();
try {
XMLOut.output(document, new FileOutputStream(fileName));
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void parserXml(String fileName) {
SAXBuilder builder=new SAXBuilder(false);
try {
Document document=builder.build(fileName);
Element employees=document.getRootElement();
List employeeList=employees.getChildren("employee");
for(int i=0;iElement employee=(Element)employeeList.get(i);
List employeeInfo=employee.getChildren();
for(int j=0;jSystem.out.println(((Element)employeeInfo.get(j)).getName()+":"+((Element)employeeInfo.get(j)).getValue());
}
}
} catch (JDOMException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

读取本地的xml文件，通过DOM进行解析，DOM解析的特点就是把整个xml文件装载入内存中，形成一颗DOM树形结构，树结构是方便遍历和和操纵。

DOM解析的特性就是读取xml文件转换为 dom树形结构，通过节点进行遍历。

这是W3c关于节点的概念

如果xml中包含有大量的数据，由于dom一次性把xml装入内存中的特性，所以dom不适合于包含大量数据的xml解析。当包含有大量xml的时候，用SAX进行解析比较节省内存。

下面是一个运用DOM进行解析xml文件的例子：

xml文件结构如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<bookstore>
 <book category="cooking">
 <title lang="en">Everyday Italian</title>
 <author>Giada De Laurentiis</author>
 <year>2005</year>
 <price>30.00</price>
 </book>
 <book category="children">
 <title lang="en">Harry Potter</title>
 <author>J K. Rowling</author>
 <year>2005</year>
 <price>29.99</price>
 </book>
 <book category="web">
 <title lang="en">XQuery Kick Start</title>
 <author>James McGovern</author>
 <year>2003</year>
 <price>49.99</price>
 </book>
 <book category="web" cover="paperback">
 <title lang="en">Learning XML</title>
 <author>Erik T. Ray</author>
 <year>2003</year>
 <price>39.95</price>
 </book>
</bookstore>

创建解析xml的类如下：

package xml.dom;

import java.io.File;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;

public class ReadXmlFile {
 
 public static void main(String[] args) {
 
 try{
  
  File xmlFile = new File("src/resource/book.xml");
  
  DocumentBuilderFactory builderFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
  
  DocumentBuilder builder = builderFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
  
  Document doc = builder.parse(xmlFile);
  
  doc.getDocumentElement().normalize();
  
  System.out.println("Root element: "+doc.getDocumentElement().getNodeName());
  
  NodeList nList = doc.getElementsByTagName("book");
  
  for(int i = 0 ; i<nList.getLength();i++){
  
  Node node = nList.item(i);
  
  System.out.println("Node name: "+ node.getNodeName());
  Element ele = (Element)node;
  
  System.out.println("----------------------------");
  if(node.getNodeType() == Element.ELEMENT_NODE){
  
  System.out.println("book category: "+ ele.getAttribute("category"));
  
  System.out.println("title name: "+ ele.getElementsByTagName("title").item(0).getTextContent());
  
  System.out.println("author name: "+ele.getElementsByTagName("author").item(0).getTextContent());
  
  System.out.println("year :"+ele.getElementsByTagName("year").item(0).getTextContent());
  
  System.out.println("price : "+ele.getElementsByTagName("price").item(0).getTextContent());
  
  System.out.println("-------------------------");
  
  
  }
  
  
  }

解析结果：

Root element: bookstore
Node name: book
----------------------------
book category: cooking
title name: Everyday Italian
author name: Giada De Laurentiis
year :2005
price : 30.00
-------------------------
Node name: book
----------------------------
book category: children
title name: Harry Potter
author name: J K. Rowling
year :2005
price : 29.99
-------------------------
Node name: book
----------------------------
book category: web
title name: XQuery Kick Start
author name: James McGovern
year :2003
price : 49.99
-------------------------
Node name: book
----------------------------
book category: web
title name: Learning XML
author name: Erik T. Ray
year :2003
price : 39.95
-------------------------

以上是通过name获得对应的值，
下面利用循环节点的方式输出：
循环节点输出方式的代码如下：

package xml.dom;

import java.io.File;

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;

import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.NamedNodeMap;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;

public class ReadXmlFile2 {
 
 public static void main(String[] args) {
 try{
  
  File xmlFile = new File("src/resource/book.xml");
  
  DocumentBuilderFactory builderFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
  
  DocumentBuilder builder = builderFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
  
  Document doc = builder.parse(xmlFile);
  
  doc.getDocumentElement().normalize();
  
  System.out.println("Root element: "+doc.getDocumentElement().getNodeName());
  
  
  if(doc.hasChildNodes()){
  
  printNode(doc.getChildNodes());
  }
 }catch(Exception e){
 
 e.printStackTrace();
 
 }
 
 }
 
 public static void printNode(NodeList nodeList){
 System.out.println("------------------------");
 // System.out.println(nodeList.getLength());
 for(int i = 0; i<nodeList.getLength(); i++){
 
 Node node = (Node)nodeList.item(i);
 
 
 if(node.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE){
 
 System.out.println("node name: "+node.getNodeName());
 
 System.out.println("node value: "+node.getTextContent());
 
 if(node.hasAttributes()){
  NamedNodeMap nodeMap = node.getAttributes();
  
  for(int j = 0; j < nodeMap.getLength() ; j++){
  
  Node nodenew = nodeMap.item(j);
  
  System.out.println("node name "+nodenew.getNodeName());
  System.out.println("node value "+nodenew.getNodeValue());
  }
 }
 if(node.hasChildNodes()){
  printNode(node.getChildNodes());
 }
 }
 
 }
 
 }

}

输出结果如下：

Root element: bookstore
------------------------
node name: bookstore
node value: 
 
 Everyday Italian
 Giada De Laurentiis
 2005
 30.00
 
 
 Harry Potter
 J K. Rowling
 2005
 29.99
 
 
 XQuery Kick Start
 James McGovern
 2003
 49.99
 
 
 Learning XML
 Erik T. Ray
 2003
 39.95
 

------------------------
node name: book
node value: 
 Everyday Italian
 Giada De Laurentiis
 2005
 30.00
 
node name category
node value cooking
------------------------
node name: title
node value: Everyday Italian
node name lang
node value en
------------------------
node name: author
node value: Giada De Laurentiis
------------------------
node name: year
node value: 2005
------------------------
node name: price
node value: 30.00
------------------------
node name: book
node value: 
 Harry Potter
 J K. Rowling
 2005
 29.99
 
node name category
node value children
------------------------
node name: title
node value: Harry Potter
node name lang
node value en
------------------------
node name: author
node value: J K. Rowling
------------------------
node name: year
node value: 2005
------------------------
node name: price
node value: 29.99
------------------------
node name: book
node value: 
 XQuery Kick Start
 James McGovern
 2003
 49.99
 
node name category
node value web
------------------------
node name: title
node value: XQuery Kick Start
node name lang
node value en
------------------------
node name: author
node value: James McGovern
------------------------
node name: year
node value: 2003
------------------------
node name: price
node value: 49.99
------------------------
node name: book
node value: 
 Learning XML
 Erik T. Ray
 2003
 39.95
 
node name category
node value web
node name cover
node value paperback
------------------------
node name: title
node value: Learning XML
node name lang
node value en
------------------------
node name: author
node value: Erik T. Ray
------------------------
node name: year
node value: 2003
------------------------
node name: price
node value: 39.95
------------------------

关于节点的问题：

 <book category="cooking">
 <title lang="en">Everyday Italian</title>
 <author>Giada De Laurentiis</author>
 <year>2005</year>
 <price>30.00</price>
 </book>

对于 book应用：doc.getChildNodes() 得到一个NodeList其中NodeList的长度为9
9个节点分别如下：
title节点
lang节点
Everyday节点
author节点
Giada De Laurentiis节点
year节点
2005节点
price节点
30.00节点

PS：这里再为大家提供几款关于xml操作的在线工具供大家参考使用：

在线XML/JSON互相转换工具：
http://tools.jb51.net/code/xmljson

在线格式化XML/在线压缩XML：
http://tools.jb51.net/code/xmlformat

XML在线压缩/格式化工具：
http://tools.jb51.net/code/xml_format_compress