IOS学习和总结KVO

泥孩儿0107

于 2016-07-06 16:08:31 发布

阅读量249

点赞数

分类专栏： IOS学习和总结KVO 文章标签： IOS学习和总结KVO

IOS学习和总结KVO 专栏收录该内容

1 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

IOS学习和总结KVO

关于KVO，估计很多同学对KVO一样是很模糊的，都听到大家在说，面试会问，但是在开发中很少使用到，一般使用到的也是某个组件中封装使用，而这个封装又不是交由自己来完成，因此还是很模糊。

现在想来，似乎我也不清楚了，到底KVO是什么，怎么用，又会在哪种场景中使用。带着疑问，让我们一起来学习学习吧

1、什么是KVO？

KVO其实就是Key-Value-Observer，也就是键值观察者，是基于KVC机制实现的另一种模式。也许有不少同学用过SVPullToRefresh或者MJRefresh刷新组件，都使用了KVO来实现。

2、使用场景会使用KVO呢？

似乎使用场景并不多，NSOperationQueue中使用了KVO，当NSOperation对象状态变化（finished,canceled等）时，观察者可以知道变化，从而做出相应的处理（移除已完成的等等）；

3、怎么实现KVO？

现在假设需求：某个学生成绩变化时，让观察者知道

让我们建立一个学生实体类,实现文件什么也不用动：

<code class="hljs objectivec has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">@interface</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">HYBStudent</span> : <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">NSObject</span></span>

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">@property</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">nonatomic</span>, copy) <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">NSString</span> *studentName;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">@property</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">nonatomic</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">assign</span>) <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">CGFloat</span> grade;

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">@end</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>

下面viewcontroller中实例化一个学生实体，让controller成为学生实体的观察者,这里是使用一对一的观察模式，看看打印结果：

<code class="hljs objectivec has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#import <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">"ViewController.h"</span></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">#import <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">"HYBStudent.h"</span></span>

<span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">@interface</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">ViewController</span> ()</span>

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">@property</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">nonatomic</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">strong</span>) HYBStudent *student;

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">@end</span>

<span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">@implementation</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">ViewController</span></span>

- (<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span>)viewDidLoad {
  [<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span> viewDidLoad];

  <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">self</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.student</span> = [[HYBStudent alloc] init];
  <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">self</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.student</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.studentName</span> = @<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"李四"</span>;
  <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">self</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.student</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.grade</span> = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">90.</span>f;

  <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// add observer to the student</span>
  [<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">self</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.student</span> addObserver:<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">self</span> forKeyPath:@<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"grade"</span> options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew | NSKeyValueObservingOptionInitial context:<span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">nil</span>];

  [<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">self</span> performSelector:<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">@selector</span>(changeGrade) withObject:<span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">nil</span> afterDelay:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">4.0</span>];
}

- (<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span>)changeGrade {
  <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">self</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.student</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.grade</span> = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">100.0</span>f;
}

- (<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span>)observeValueForKeyPath:(nullable <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">NSString</span> *)keyPath
                      ofObject:(nullable <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">id</span>)object
                        change:(nullable <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">NSDictionary</span> *)change
                       context:(nullable <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> *)context {
  <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> ([keyPath isEqualToString:@<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"grade"</span>]) {
    <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">NSLog</span>(@<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"student %@'s grade is %f'"</span>,
          <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">self</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.student</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.studentName</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">self</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.student</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.grade</span>);
  }
}

- (<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span>)dealloc {
  <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// Don't forget to remove observer</span>
  [<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">self</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.student</span> removeObserver:<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">self</span> forKeyPath:@<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"grade"</span> context:<span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">nil</span>];
}

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">@end</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">36</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">37</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">38</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">39</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">40</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">41</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">42</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">43</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">44</li></ul>

打印结果如下：

<code class="hljs vhdl has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2015</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">08</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">28</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">16</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">18</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">00.537</span> KVODEMO[<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1281</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">476192</span>] student 李四<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">'s</span> grade <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">is</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">90.000000</span>'
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2015</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">08</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">28</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">16</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">18</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">04.539</span> KVODEMO[<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1281</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">476192</span>] student 李四<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">'s</span> grade <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">is</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">100.000000</span>'</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul>

下面我们来看看另一种场景：一对多

需求如下：学生李四的成绩变化时，要通知他的同学张三

实现如下，在HYBStudent.m文件中实现如下方法：

<code class="hljs objectivec has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">- (<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span>)observeValueForKeyPath:(nullable <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">NSString</span> *)keyPath
                      ofObject:(nullable <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">id</span>)object
                        change:(nullable <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">NSDictionary</span> *)change
                       context:(nullable <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> *)context {
  <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> ([keyPath isEqualToString:@<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"grade"</span>]) {
      <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">NSLog</span>(@<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"张三的同学成绩发生了变化： %@'s grade is %f'"</span>,
            ((HYBStudent *)object)<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.studentName</span>, ((HYBStudent *)object)<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.grade</span>);
  }
}
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li></ul>

然后在viewDidLoad的最后追加如下代码，其它不变：

<code class="hljs objectivec has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">  <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 再次实例化一个学生实体，作为student的同学</span>
  <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">self</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.zhangStudent</span> = [[HYBStudent alloc] init];
  <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">self</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.zhangStudent</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.studentName</span> = @<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"张三"</span>;
  <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">self</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.zhangStudent</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.grade</span> = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">59</span>;
  [<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">self</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.student</span> addObserver:<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">self</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.zhangStudent</span>
                 forKeyPath:@<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"grade"</span>
                    options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew | NSKeyValueObservingOptionInitial
                    context:<span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">nil</span>];
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li></ul>

看看打印结果：

<code class="hljs vhdl has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2015</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">08</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">28</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">16</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">43</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">51.234</span> KVODEMO[<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1317</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">480175</span>] student 李四<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">'s</span> grade <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">is</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">90.000000</span>'
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2015</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">08</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">28</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">16</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">43</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">51.235</span> KVODEMO[<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1317</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">480175</span>] 张三的同学成绩发生了变化： 李四<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">'s</span> grade <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">is</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">90.000000</span>'
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2015</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">08</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">28</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">16</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">43</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">55.236</span> KVODEMO[<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1317</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">480175</span>] 张三的同学成绩发生了变化： 李四<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">'s</span> grade <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">is</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">100.000000</span>'
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2015</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">08</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">28</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">16</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">43</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">55.237</span> KVODEMO[<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1317</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">480175</span>] student 李四<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">'s</span> grade <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">is</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">100.000000</span>'
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>

总结：1、谁成为观察者，谁就得实现

<code class="hljs erlang has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="hljs-pp" style="box-sizing: border-box;">- <span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">(void)</span>observeValueForKeyPath:<span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">(nullable <span class="hljs-variable" style="box-sizing: border-box;">NSString</span> *)</span>keyPath
                      ofObject:<span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">(nullable id)</span>object
                        change:<span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">(nullable <span class="hljs-variable" style="box-sizing: border-box;">NSDictionary</span> *)</span>change
                       context:<span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">(nullable void *)</span>context； </span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul>

这个API，以便在值发生变化时，做相应的处理，如果没有实现此API，会抛出异常，导致crash。2、添加观察者与移除观察者是成对出现的，一定要记得移除

<code class="hljs objectivec has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">  <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// Don't forget to remove observer</span>
  [<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">self</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.student</span> removeObserver:<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">self</span> forKeyPath:@<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"grade"</span> context:<span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">nil</span>];
  [<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">self</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.student</span> removeObserver:<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">self</span><span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.zhangStudent</span> forKeyPath:@<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"grade"</span> context:<span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">nil</span>];</code>