Spring 属性注入 SpringBoot 类型安全属性注入

Spring 属性注入

1、首先我们需要去新建一个新的SpringBoot项目做测试，这一步就不做演示。

2、我们需要新建一个实体类 Book

public class Book {
    private String name;
    private String author;
    private Integer age;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "book{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", author='" + author + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
    
    /**get&set方法省略**/
}

3、我们在properties中进行属性注入参数的填写

book.name=西游记
book.author=吴承恩
book.age=99

4、修改Book实体，进行属性注入

@Component
public class Book {
    @Value("${book.name}")
    private String name;
    @Value("${book.author}")
    private String author;
    @Value("${book.age}")
    private Integer age;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "book{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", author='" + author + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

5、进行单元测试

@SpringBootTest
class PropertiesApplicationTests {

    @Autowired
    private Book book;
    
    @Test
    void contextLoads() {
        System.out.println(book);
    }

}

6、进行新建专门属性注入文件-book.properties 文件 参数放入其中，文件创建在resources目录下

7、再次修改Book实体

@Component
@PropertySource("classpath:book.properties")
public class Book {
    @Value("${book.name}")
    private String name;
    @Value("${book.author}")
    private String author;
    @Value("${book.age}")
    private Integer age;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "book{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", author='" + author + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
    /**set&get省略 自行添加**/
}

8、重新进行单元测试 代码不变

9、如在测试遇到乱码错误，可参考下图修改IDEA编辑器配置

SpringBoot类型安全属性注入

1、修改Java实体Book代码即可

@Component
@PropertySource("classpath:book.properties")
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "book")
public class Book {
    //@Value("${book.name}")
    private String name;
    //@Value("${book.author}")
    private String author;
    //@Value("${book.age}")
    private Integer age;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "book{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", author='" + author + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
     }
}

2、按照之前的测试方式测试，无问题。