背景:
尝试使用Ajax实现登录界面的异步验证,后台用的是servlet与JSP,数据库用的是Mysql
步骤:
1.在Mysql了中创建一个数据库名为:bookshop;数据表为:person;(别吐槽名字不规范…)
create database bookshop;
use bookshop;
create table person (
account varchar(10) not null primary key,
password varchar(10) not null ,
);
insert into person (account,password) values("sa","sa");
2.在eclipse中创建名字为Ajax2.0的项目工程,创建登录页面:login.html:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>欢迎来到登录页面</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/reset.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/style.css">
</head>
<body>
<img src="img/cover6.gif"/>
<h2 id="titleh2">书中自有黄金屋</h2>
<div id="outer">
<ul>
<li><a href="login.html" class="active">登录</a></li>
<li><a href="register.html">注册</a></li>
</ul>
<form id="myform" action="success.jsp" method="post">
<label for="username">
账户:<input type="text" name="username" id="username"/><img src="img/correct.png" />
</label><br/>
<label for="password">
密码:<input type="password" name="password" id="password"/><img src="img/correct.png" />
</label><br/>
<button type="button" id="login">登录</button>
</form>
</div>
</body>
<script src="js/index.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
window.onload=function(){
login();
}
</script>
</html>
css样式省略;
3.在项目中建立一个beans包,在包中建立一个SqlCheak类,类中包含username、password、对应的getter和setter方法之外,还有一个ok变量,判断是否在数据库中存在账号信息,check()方法,调用checkSQL()方法,和返回OK变量,以及checkSQL()函数,实现连接数据库和检查账户密码是否存在于数据库中。
package beans;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import DAO.BaseDao;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import com.mysql.jdbc.Connection;
import com.mysql.jdbc.Statement;
public class SqlCheck {
private boolean ok=false;//状态变量
private String username=null;
private String password=null;
private String name=null;
private String pass=null;
public boolean check()throws Exception{
checkSQL(this.username,this.password);
return this.ok;
}
//查询数据库,如果数据库没有这个用户就把状态变量设置为false,如果有则设置为true
private void checkSQL(String name,String pass) throws Exception{
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
String url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/bookshop?user=root&password=123456&characterEncoding=UTF-8";
Connection con=(Connection) DriverManager.getConnection(url);
Statement st=(Statement) con.createStatement();
ResultSet rs=st.executeQuery("select * from person where account='"+name+"' and password='"+pass+"'");
if(rs.next()){//表示有记录
this.ok=true;
}else{
this.ok=false;
}
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
}
4.创建一个名字为servlet的包,包中建立一个名字为check的servlet类,由于ajax调用的是check类中的doget()方法,所以只要修改deget()的方法即可:
package servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import beans.SqlCheck;
/**
* Servlet implementation class Check
*/
@WebServlet("/Check")
public class Check extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
/**
* @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
*/
public Check() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//获取客户端请求的参数,并进行判断。
//如果用户存在,返回一个长度为2的字符串,如果用户不存在返回一个长度为1的字符串。
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
String username=request.getParameter("username");//取得用户名参数
String password=request.getParameter("password");//取得用户密码参数
SqlCheck sc=new SqlCheck();
sc.setUsername(username);//为JavaBean设置username属性
sc.setPassword(password);// 为JavaBean设置password属性
try{
if(sc.check()){ //如果用户存在
out.print("success"); //返回"success"的一个字符串
session.setAttribute("username", username);//将username的值存放在一个名字为"username"的变量中
}else{
out.print("fail"); //返回"fail"的一个字符串
}
}catch(Exception e){
out.print(e.toString());
}
out.flush();
out.close();
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
doGet(request, response);
}
}
5.设置为servelt之后,需要修改web.xml文件,该文件在WebContent->WEB-IEF中,如果找不到可以新建一个~
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
<display-name>Ajax2.0</display-name>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>check</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/check</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>check</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>servlet.Check</servlet-class>
</servlet>
</web-app>
(即将servlet包中的Check类命名为check,若点击/check链接,将调用check这个类,即该类中的方法)
6.建立一个success.jsp,实现跳转成功提示
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
登陆成功
<%
request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
//两种获得username的方法
String username=request.getParameter("username");
String u=(String) session.getAttribute("username");
%>
<%=username %>
<%=u %>
</body>
</html>
7.index.js文件中关于表单的验证和ajax方法的使用
//若为空
function isEmpty(id){
id.setAttribute("placeholder","不能为空");
};
//将对的标签改为错的标签
function seterror(node){
node.nextSibling.setAttribute("src","./img/error.png");
};
//显示判断后的结果
function showTip(node){
node.nextSibling.setAttribute("class","show");
};
//登录函数
function login(){
var btn=document.getElementById("login");
// var flag=false;
btn.onclick=function(){
var username=document.getElementById("username");
var password=document.getElementById("password");
//判断用户名是否为空
if(username.value.length<=0){
isEmpty(username);
seterror(username);
}
//判断密码是否为空
if(password.value.length<=0){
isEmpty(password);
seterror(password);
}
//调用函数
useLoginAjax();
showTip(username);
showTip(password);
};
};
//Ajax调用
function useLoginAjax() {
var request = false;
if (window.ActiveXObject) { // 调用创建XMLHttpRequest对象的方法
request = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
} else if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
request = new XMLHttpRequest(); // IE7+,Firefox,Chrome,Opera,Safari
}
var myform = document.getElementById("myform");
var username = myform.username.value;
var password = myform.password.value;
request.onreadystatechange = function() {
if (request.readyState == 4) {
if (request.status == 200) {
var str = request.responseText;
if (str == "fail") {
var password = document.getElementById("password");
password.value = "";
password.setAttribute("placeholder", "密码错误!");
password.nextSibling.setAttribute("src", "./img/error.png");
alert("密码错误!");
} else {
//button转化为subimit按钮
document.forms[0].submit();
}
}
}
};
//还记得web.xml配合的/check么?
var url = "check?username=" + username + "&password=" + password;
request.open("get", url);
request.setRequestHeader("ContentType",
"application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8");
request.send(null);
};
运行结果图:
登录界面:
若密码错误:
若登陆成功会直接跳转:
补充:
粗略地做了一下Ajax的应用,关于登录界面可以完善的东西很多,比如当登录错误之后显示了X的图片,但是光标停留在输入框,X图片却没有消失;如何实现不点击按钮的情况下实时进行验证等,其实大致都能想到答案,但是由于时间问题,等我下次有时间完善之后再放上来~