fileinput模块读取文件

fileinput模块可以对一个或多个文件中的内容进行迭代、遍历等操作。该模块的input()函数有点类似文件

readlines()方法，区别在于前者是一个迭代对象，需要用for循环迭代，后者是一次性读取所有行。

用fileinput对文件进行循环遍历，格式化输出，查找、替换等操作，非常方便。

【典型用法】

import fileinput
for line in fileinput.input():
process(line)
【基本格式】

fileinput.input([files[, inplace[, backup[, bufsize[, mode[, openhook]]]]]])

【默认格式】

fileinput.input (files=None, inplace=False, backup=’’, bufsize=0, mode=‘r’, openhook=None)

files: #文件的路径列表，默认是stdin方式，多文件[‘1.txt’,‘2.txt’,…]
inplace: #是否将标准输出的结果写回文件，默认不取代
backup: #备份文件的扩展名，只指定扩展名，如.bak。如果该文件的备份文件已存在，则会自动覆盖。
bufsize: #缓冲区大小，默认为0，如果文件很大，可以修改此参数，一般默认即可
mode: #读写模式，默认为只读
openhook: #该钩子用于控制打开的所有文件，比如说编码方式等;

【常用函数】

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fileinput.input() #返回能够用于for循环遍历的对象
fileinput.filename() #返回当前文件的名称
fileinput.lineno() #返回当前已经读取的行的数量（或者序号）
fileinput.filelineno() #返回当前读取的行的行号
fileinput.isfirstline() #检查当前行是否是文件的第一行
fileinput.isstdin() #判断最后一行是否从stdin中读取
fileinput.close() #关闭队列
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【常见例子】

例子01: 利用fileinput读取一个文件所有行

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import fileinput
for line in fileinput.input(‘data.txt’):
print line,
#输出结果
Python
Java
C/C++
Shell
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命令行方式:

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#test.py
import fileinput

for line in fileinput.input():
print fileinput.filename(),’|’,‘Line Number:’,fileinput.lineno(),’|: ',line

c:>python test.py data.txt
data.txt | Line Number: 1 |: Python
data.txt | Line Number: 2 |: Java
data.txt | Line Number: 3 |: C/C++
data.txt | Line Number: 4 |: Shell
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例子02: 利用fileinput对多文件操作，并原地修改内容

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#test.py
#—样本文件—
c:Python27>type 1.txt
first
second

c:Python27>type 2.txt
third
fourth
#—样本文件—
import fileinput

def process(line):
return line.rstrip() + ’ line’

for line in fileinput.input([‘1.txt’,‘2.txt’],inplace=1):
print process(line)

#—结果输出—
c:Python27>type 1.txt
first line
second line

c:Python27>type 2.txt
third line
fourth line
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命令行方式:

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#test.py
import fileinput

def process(line):
return line.rstrip() + ’ line’

for line in fileinput.input(inplace = True):
print process(line)

#执行命令
c:Python27>python test.py 1.txt 2.txt
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例子03: 利用fileinput实现文件内容替换，并将原文件作备份

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#样本文件:
#data.txt
Python
Java
C/C++
Shell

#FileName: test.py
import fileinput

for line in fileinput.input(‘data.txt’,backup=’.bak’,inplace=1):
print line.rstrip().replace(‘Python’,‘Perl’) #或者print line.replace(‘Python’,‘Perl’),

#最后结果:
#data.txt
Python
Java
C/C++
Shell
#并生成:
#data.txt.bak文件
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例子04: 利用fileinput将CRLF文件转为LF

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import fileinput
import sys

for line in fileinput.input(inplace=True):
#将Windows/DOS格式下的文本文件转为Linux的文件
if line[-2:] ==
:
line = line +

sys.stdout.write(line)

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例子05: 利用fileinput对文件简单处理

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#FileName: test.py
import sys
import fileinput

for line in fileinput.input(r’C:Python27info.txt’):
sys.stdout.write(’=> ')
sys.stdout.write(line)

#输出结果

=> The Zen of Python, by Tim Peters
=>
=> Beautiful is better than ugly.
=> Explicit is better than implicit.
=> Simple is better than complex.
=> Complex is better than complicated.
=> Flat is better than nested.
=> Sparse is better than dense.
=> Readability counts.
=> Special cases aren’t special enough to break the rules.
=> Although practicality beats purity.
=> Errors should never pass silently.
=> Unless explicitly silenced.
=> In the face of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess.
=> There should be one-- and preferably only one --obvious way to do it.
=> Although that way may not be obvious at first unless you’re Dutch.
=> Now is better than never.
=> Although never is often better than right now.
=> If the implementation is hard to explain, it’s a bad idea.
=> If the implementation is easy to explain, it may be a good idea.
=> Namespaces are one honking great idea – let’s do more of those!
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例子06: 利用fileinput批处理文件

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#—测试文件: test.txt test1.txt test2.txt test3.txt—
#—脚本文件: test.py—
import fileinput
import glob

for line in fileinput.input(glob.glob(test*.txt)):
if fileinput.isfirstline():
print ‘-’*20, ‘Reading %s…’ % fileinput.filename(), ‘-’*20
print str(fileinput.lineno()) + ': ’ + line.upper(),

#—输出结果:

-------------------- Reading test.txt… --------------------
1: AAAAA
2: BBBBB
3: CCCCC
4: DDDDD
5: FFFFF
-------------------- Reading test1.txt… --------------------
6: FIRST LINE
7: SECOND LINE
-------------------- Reading test2.txt… --------------------
8: THIRD LINE
9: FOURTH LINE
-------------------- Reading test3.txt… --------------------
10: THIS IS LINE 1
11: THIS IS LINE 2
12: THIS IS LINE 3
13: THIS IS LINE 4
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例子07: 利用fileinput及re做日志分析: 提取所有含日期的行

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#–样本文件–
aaa
1970-01-01 13:45:30 Error: **** Due to System Disk spacke not enough…
bbb
1970-01-02 10:20:30 Error: **** Due to System Out of Memory…
ccc

#—测试脚本—
import re
import fileinput
import sys

pattern = ‘d{4}-d{2}-d{2} d{2}:d{2}:d{2}’

for line in fileinput.input(‘error.log’,backup=’.bak’,inplace=1):
if re.search(pattern,line):
sys.stdout.write(=> )
sys.stdout.write(line)

#—测试结果—
=> 1970-01-01 13:45:30 Error: **** Due to System Disk spacke not enough…
=> 1970-01-02 10:20:30 Error: **** Due to System Out of Memory…
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例子08: 利用fileinput及re做分析: 提取符合条件的电话号码

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#—样本文件: phone.txt—
010-110-12345
800-333-1234
010-99999999
05718888888
021-88888888

#—测试脚本: test.py—
import re
import fileinput

pattern = ‘[010|021]-d{8}’ #提取区号为010或021电话号码，格式:010-12345678

for line in fileinput.input(‘phone.txt’):
if re.search(pattern,line):
print ‘=’ * 50
print ‘Filename:’+ fileinput.filename()+’ | Line Number:’+str(fileinput.lineno())+’ | '+line,

#—输出结果:—

==================================================
Filename:phone.txt | Line Number:3 | 010-99999999

Filename:phone.txt | Line Number:5 | 021-88888888

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例子09:利用fileinput实现类似于grep的功能

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import sys
import re
import fileinput

pattern= re.compile(sys.argv[1])
for line in fileinput.input(sys.argv[2]):
if pattern.match(line):
print fileinput.filename(), fileinput.filelineno(), line

$ ./test.py import.* fileinput *.py
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例子10:利用fileinput做正则替换

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#—测试样本: input.txt

• [Learning Python](#author:Mark Lutz)

#—测试脚本: test.py

import fileinput
import re
  
for line in fileinput.input():
    line = re.sub(r'* [(.*)](#(.*))', r'）

转自https://www.cnblogs.com/jinjiangongzuoshi/p/5637793.html