转自:http://blog.csdn.net/hellogv/article/details/39833327
最近NFC支付挺火的,趁国庆宅在家,学习下Android 卡模拟(Host-based Card Emulation)。HCE的特点是模拟智能IC卡(ISO 7816-4),可用于金融和行业应用,相应地,CardReader例子中使用IsoDep。
智能IC卡本身是一个微型计算机,常见为Java Card平台,特别是多功能集于一身的卡(如联名卡),Java Card比J2ME更加硬件受限。Java Card可以运行一到多个Java Applet,这些Applet也就是卡应用,例如一张能刷公交的银行卡可能就包含了2个Applet。每个Applet都有一个AID,受理终端(刷卡设备)通过AID来找到对应的卡应用(受理终端向卡发送SELECT命令),受理终端找到对应的卡应用后就可以进行数据交互,交互的数据一般是密文,不联机解密的话,用对称算法,联机解密的话,用非对称和对称算法都行。
HCE是软件模拟的智能IC卡,所以也会有AID。本文CardEmulation只注册一个AID。本文的代码改自Android 4.4 Sample,没改动CardEmulation,简化CardReader并支持Android 2.3系统,适应低版本的NFC手机做虚拟卡的卡读取了。使用努比亚Z7 MAX做CardEmulation,小米 2A作CardReader。本文的代码可以到http://pan.baidu.com/s/1o6JnXr0下载。个人觉得阅读CardReader核心代码更能了解2者交互的过程:
- public final class CardReader {
- private static final String TAG = "LoyaltyCardReader";
- // AID for our loyalty card service.
- private static final String SAMPLE_LOYALTY_CARD_AID = "F222222222";
- // ISO-DEP command HEADER for selecting an AID.
- // Format: [Class | Instruction | Parameter 1 | Parameter 2]
- private static final String SELECT_APDU_HEADER = "00A40400";
- // "OK" status word sent in response to SELECT AID command (0x9000)
- private static final byte[] SELECT_OK_SW = {(byte) 0x90, (byte) 0x00};
- public static String[][] TECHLISTS;
- public static IntentFilter[] FILTERS;
- static {
- try {
- //the tech lists used to perform matching for dispatching of the ACTION_TECH_DISCOVERED intent
- TECHLISTS = new String[][] { { IsoDep.class.getName() },
- { NfcV.class.getName() }, { NfcF.class.getName() }, };
- FILTERS = new IntentFilter[] { new IntentFilter(
- NfcAdapter.ACTION_TECH_DISCOVERED, "*/*") };
- } catch (Exception e) {
- }
- }
- static public String tagDiscovered(Tag tag) {
- Log.i(TAG, "New tag discovered");
- // Android's Host-based Card Emulation (HCE) feature implements the
- // ISO-DEP (ISO 14443-4)
- // protocol.
- //
- // In order to communicate with a device using HCE, the discovered tag
- // should be processed
- // using the IsoDep class.
- IsoDep isoDep = IsoDep.get(tag);
- if (isoDep != null) {
- try {
- // Connect to the remote NFC device
- isoDep.connect();
- // Build SELECT AID command for our loyalty card service.
- // This command tells the remote device which service we wish to
- // communicate with.
- Log.i(TAG, "Requesting remote AID: " + SAMPLE_LOYALTY_CARD_AID);
- byte[] command = BuildSelectApdu(SAMPLE_LOYALTY_CARD_AID);
- // Send command to remote device
- Log.i(TAG, "Sending: " + ByteArrayToHexString(command));
- byte[] result = isoDep.transceive(command);
- // If AID is successfully selected, 0x9000 is returned as the
- // status word (last 2
- // bytes of the result) by convention. Everything before the
- // status word is
- // optional payload, which is used here to hold the account
- // number.
- int resultLength = result.length;
- byte[] statusWord = { result[resultLength - 2],
- result[resultLength - 1] };
- byte[] payload = Arrays.copyOf(result, resultLength - 2);
- if (Arrays.equals(SELECT_OK_SW, statusWord)) {
- // The remote NFC device will immediately respond with its
- // stored account number
- String accountNumber = new String(payload, "UTF-8");
- Log.i(TAG, "Received: " + accountNumber);
- // Inform CardReaderFragment of received account number
- return accountNumber;
- }
- } catch (IOException e) {
- Log.e(TAG, "Error communicating with card: " + e.toString());
- }
- }
- return null;
- }
- public static String load(Parcelable parcelable) {
- // 从Parcelable筛选出各类NFC标准数据
- final Tag tag = (Tag) parcelable;
- return tagDiscovered(tag);
- }
- /**
- * Build APDU for SELECT AID command. This command indicates which service a reader is
- * interested in communicating with. See ISO 7816-4.
- *
- * @param aid Application ID (AID) to select
- * @return APDU for SELECT AID command
- */
- public static byte[] BuildSelectApdu(String aid) {
- // Format: [CLASS | INSTRUCTION | PARAMETER 1 | PARAMETER 2 | LENGTH | DATA]
- return HexStringToByteArray(SELECT_APDU_HEADER + String.format("%02X", aid.length() / 2) + aid);
- }
- /**
- * Utility class to convert a byte array to a hexadecimal string.
- *
- * @param bytes Bytes to convert
- * @return String, containing hexadecimal representation.
- */
- public static String ByteArrayToHexString(byte[] bytes) {
- final char[] hexArray = {'0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','A','B','C','D','E','F'};
- char[] hexChars = new char[bytes.length * 2];
- int v;
- for ( int j = 0; j < bytes.length; j++ ) {
- v = bytes[j] & 0xFF;
- hexChars[j * 2] = hexArray[v >>> 4];
- hexChars[j * 2 + 1] = hexArray[v & 0x0F];
- }
- return new String(hexChars);
- }
- /**
- * Utility class to convert a hexadecimal string to a byte string.
- *
- * <p>Behavior with input strings containing non-hexadecimal characters is undefined.
- *
- * @param s String containing hexadecimal characters to convert
- * @return Byte array generated from input
- */
- public static byte[] HexStringToByteArray(String s) {
- int len = s.length();
- byte[] data = new byte[len / 2];
- for (int i = 0; i < len; i += 2) {
- data[i / 2] = (byte) ((Character.digit(s.charAt(i), 16) << 4)
- + Character.digit(s.charAt(i+1), 16));
- }
- return data;
- }
简单地说:
1。CardReader使用SAMPLE_LOYALTY_CARD_AID + SELECT_APDU_HEADER 生成 SELECT APDU;
2。CardReader发送SELECT APDU到CardEmulation后,CardEmulation返回SELECT_OK_SW + accountNumber。
另外,CardReader在4.4和4.4以下系统的用法也略有不同,4.4以下系统用onNewIntent(),4.4系统就要通过enableReaderMode()方法,如果4.4系统用onNewIntent()的话,会导致一直P2P,而不是卡与读卡器的关系。
- public final class NFCard extends Activity {
- private NfcAdapter nfcAdapter;
- private PendingIntent pendingIntent;
- private EditText board;
- private int sysVersion;
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.cardreader);
- board = (EditText) this.findViewById(R.id.editText1);
- nfcAdapter = NfcAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(this);
- pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, new Intent(this,
- getClass()).addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_SINGLE_TOP), 0);
- //区分系统版本
- sysVersion = Integer.parseInt(VERSION.SDK);
- if(sysVersion<19)
- onNewIntent(getIntent());
- }
- @Override
- protected void onPause() {
- super.onPause();
- if (nfcAdapter != null){
- nfcAdapter.disableForegroundDispatch(this);
- disableReaderMode();
- }
- }
- @Override
- protected void onResume() {
- super.onResume();
- if (nfcAdapter != null){
- nfcAdapter.enableForegroundDispatch(this, pendingIntent,
- CardReader.FILTERS, CardReader.TECHLISTS);
- enableReaderMode();
- }
- Log.e("NFC----", IsoDep.class.getName());
- refreshStatus();
- }
- @Override
- protected void onNewIntent(Intent intent) {
- super.onNewIntent(intent);
- final Parcelable p = intent.getParcelableExtra(NfcAdapter.EXTRA_TAG);
- Log.d("NFCTAG", intent.getAction());
- board.setText((p != null) ? CardReader.load(p) : null);
- }
- @TargetApi(19)
- private void enableReaderMode() {
- if(sysVersion<19)
- return;
- int READER_FLAGS = NfcAdapter.FLAG_READER_NFC_A | NfcAdapter.FLAG_READER_SKIP_NDEF_CHECK;
- if (nfcAdapter != null) {
- nfcAdapter.enableReaderMode(this, new MyReaderCallback(), READER_FLAGS, null);
- }
- }
- @TargetApi(19)
- private void disableReaderMode() {
- if(sysVersion<19)
- return;
- if (nfcAdapter != null) {
- nfcAdapter.disableReaderMode(this);
- }
- }
- @TargetApi(19)
- public class MyReaderCallback implements NfcAdapter.ReaderCallback {
- @Override
- public void onTagDiscovered(final Tag arg0) {
- NFCard.this.runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- board.setText(CardReader.tagDiscovered(arg0));
- }
- });
- }
- }
- protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
- refreshStatus();
- }
- private void refreshStatus() {
- final String tip;
- if (nfcAdapter == null)
- tip = this.getResources().getString(R.string.tip_nfc_notfound);
- else if (nfcAdapter.isEnabled())
- tip = this.getResources().getString(R.string.tip_nfc_enabled);
- else
- tip = this.getResources().getString(R.string.tip_nfc_disabled);
- final StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder(
- this.getResources().getString(R.string.app_name));
- s.append(" -- ").append(tip);
- setTitle(s);
- }