C++Unicode 和 UTF-8 的转换

代码摘抄于 Stack Overflow

连接：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12015571/how-to-print-unicode-character-in-c

我一开始的需求是需要在控制台打印进度，用连续的实心正方形来模拟进度，所以就想打印正方形（2588），所以就找到了这个帖子，顺便附上打印实心正方形的代码：

std::cout << "\u2588" << std::endl;

以下是一些转换代码：

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;


int utf8_to_unicode(string utf8_code);
string unicode_to_utf8(int unicode);


int main() {
    cout << unicode_to_utf8(36) << '\t';
    cout << unicode_to_utf8(162) << '\t';
    cout << unicode_to_utf8(8364) << '\t';
    cout << unicode_to_utf8(128578) << endl;

    cout << unicode_to_utf8(0x24) << '\t';
    cout << unicode_to_utf8(0xa2) << '\t';
    cout << unicode_to_utf8(0x20ac) << '\t';
    cout << unicode_to_utf8(0x1f642) << endl;

    cout << utf8_to_unicode("$") << '\t';
    cout << utf8_to_unicode("¢") << '\t';
    cout << utf8_to_unicode("€") << '\t';
    cout << utf8_to_unicode("?") << endl;

    cout << utf8_to_unicode("\x24") << '\t';
    cout << utf8_to_unicode("\xc2\xa2") << '\t';
    cout << utf8_to_unicode("\xe2\x82\xac") << '\t';
    cout << utf8_to_unicode("\xf0\x9f\x99\x82") << endl;

    return 0;
}

int utf8_to_unicode(string utf8_code) {
    unsigned utf8_size = utf8_code.length();
    int unicode = 0;

    for (unsigned p = 0; p < utf8_size; ++p) {
        int bit_count = (p ? 6 : 8 - utf8_size - (utf8_size == 1 ? 0 : 1)),
            shift = (p < utf8_size - 1 ? (6 * (utf8_size - p - 1)) : 0);

        for (int k = 0; k < bit_count; ++k)
            unicode += ((utf8_code[p] & (1 << k)) << shift);
    }

    return unicode;
}

string unicode_to_utf8(int unicode) {
    string s;

    if (unicode >= 0 and unicode <= 0x7f) { // 7F(16) = 127(10)
        s = static_cast<char>(unicode);

        return s;
    } else if (unicode <= 0x7ff) { // 7FF(16) = 2047(10)
        unsigned char c1 = 192, c2 = 128;

        for (int k = 0; k < 11; ++k) {
            if (k < 6)  c2 |= (unicode % 64) & (1 << k);
            else c1 |= (unicode >> 6) & (1 << (k - 6));
        }

        s = c1;    s += c2;

        return s;
    } else if (unicode <= 0xffff) { // FFFF(16) = 65535(10)
        unsigned char c1 = 224, c2 = 128, c3 = 128;

        for (int k = 0; k < 16; ++k) {
            if (k < 6)  c3 |= (unicode % 64) & (1 << k);
            else if (k < 12) c2 |= (unicode >> 6) & (1 << (k - 6));
            else c1 |= (unicode >> 12) & (1 << (k - 12));
        }

        s = c1;    s += c2;    s += c3;

        return s;
    } else if (unicode <= 0x1fffff) { // 1FFFFF(16) = 2097151(10)
        unsigned char c1 = 240, c2 = 128, c3 = 128, c4 = 128;

        for (int k = 0; k < 21; ++k) {
            if (k < 6)  c4 |= (unicode % 64) & (1 << k);
            else if (k < 12) c3 |= (unicode >> 6) & (1 << (k - 6));
            else if (k < 18) c2 |= (unicode >> 12) & (1 << (k - 12));
            else c1 |= (unicode >> 18) & (1 << (k - 18));
        }

        s = c1;    s += c2;    s += c3;    s += c4;

        return s;
    } else if (unicode <= 0x3ffffff) { // 3FFFFFF(16) = 67108863(10)
        ;  // actually, there are no 5-bytes unicodes
    } else if (unicode <= 0x7fffffff) { // 7FFFFFFF(16) = 2147483647(10)
        ;  // actually, there are no 6-bytes unicodes
    } else  ; // incorrect unicode (< 0 or > 2147483647)

    return "";
}