k8s学习pod第七天

init Container

初始化容器是一类只运行一次的容器，本质是也是容器，不同容器间启动有先后顺序，只有前面的容器运行成功了，后面的容器才能运行

初始化容器的场景：

1. 在其他容器运行之前做个初始化，比如配置文件生成、环境变量生成
2. 有先后顺序的运行容器，比如像启动数据库容器、再启动服务容器
3.  下载依赖文件或依赖包，对系统做一些预制的操作

4. apiVersion: v1
   kind: Pod
   metadata:
      name: nginx
      annotations:
   spec:
      #初始化容器,只会执行一次
      initContainers:
      - name: busybox
        image: busybox
        command:
        - wget
        - "-O"
        - "/work-dir/index.html"
        - http://kubernetes.io
        volumeMounts:
        - name: workdir
          mountPath: "/work-dir"
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
        volumeMounts:
        - name: workdir
          mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
      dnsPolicy: Default
      restartPolicy: Always
      volumes:
      - name: workdir
        emptyDir: {}

   已上配置文件，首先要运行一个busybox，并且下载一个文件到/work-dir中，然后启动nginx容器，在/usr/share/nginx/html中就有了文件index.html

   //查看nginx容器的index.html文件
   kubectl exec -it nginx -- cat  /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html

   kubectl  describe pod nginx
   Name:             nginx
   Namespace:        default
   Priority:         0
   Service Account:  default
   Node:             scms01/172.16.2.220
   Start Time:       Fri, 21 Apr 2023 17:55:46 +0800
   Labels:           <none>
   Annotations:      cni.projectcalico.org/containerID: a41631bbfb14e42f600f44841550a2ccaa7977e22d19142033ce19f7ee7a69fc
                     cni.projectcalico.org/podIP: 192.168.61.43/32
                     cni.projectcalico.org/podIPs: 192.168.61.43/32
   Status:           Running
   IP:               192.168.61.43
   ...
   
   
   Events:
     Type    Reason     Age   From               Message
     ----    ------     ----  ----               -------
     Normal  Scheduled  33m   default-scheduler  Successfully assigned default/nginx to scms01
     Normal  Pulling    33m   kubelet            Pulling image "busybox"
     Normal  Pulled     33m   kubelet            Successfully pulled image "busybox" in 1.648537736s (1.648546748s including waiting)
     Normal  Created    33m   kubelet            Created container busybox
     Normal  Started    33m   kubelet            Started container busybox
     Normal  Pulling    33m   kubelet            Pulling image "nginx"
     Normal  Pulled     33m   kubelet            Successfully pulled image "nginx" in 1.695249999s (1.695256875s including waiting)
     Normal  Created    33m   kubelet            Created container nginx
     Normal  Started    33m   kubelet            Started container nginx

   可见先启动了buysbox,然后又启动了nginx容器。

init container与应用容器的区别

1. init container 必须在应用容器启动之前运行，但设置了多个init container ,将按顺序执行，只有前面的成功后，后面的才能运行
2. 在init container的定义中也可以设置资源限制、Volume的使用和安全策略。