Servlet之HttpServletRequest对象

一、概述

1、Request与Response

  • Request 对象 和 Response 对象是由服务器(Tomcat)创建的
  • Request 对象是来获取请求消息
  • Response 对象是来设置响应消息

2、Request 体系结构

在这里插入图片描述

3、Servlet 体系结构

在这里插入图片描述

二、HttpServletRequest

        HttpServletRequest对象代表客户端的请求,当客户端通过HTTP协议访问服务器时,HTTP请求头中的所有信息都封装在这个对象中,通过这个对象提供的方法,可以获得客户端请求的所有信息

三、request 获取请求行的数据

先写一个 input.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>文本输入框</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="servletRequestDemo01" method="get">
    <input type="text" name="username" value="name"><br>
    <input type="text" name="password" value="password"><br>
    <input type="submit" value="get 提交">
</form><br>
<form action="servletRequestDemo01" method="post">
    <input type="text" name="username" value="name"><br>
    <input type="text" name="password" value="password"><br>
    <input type="submit" value="post 提交">
</form><br>
</body>
</html>

再写一个 Servlet 类 ,类名为:ServletRequestDemo01.java

package cn.lemon.request;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/servletRequestDemo01")
public class ServletRequestDemo01 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");//解决请求乱码
        response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");//解决响应乱码
        doGet(request,response);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //获取请求方式:Get
        String method = request.getMethod();
        System.out.println("获取的请求方式为:" + method);

        //获取虚拟目录
        String contextPath = request.getContextPath();
        System.out.println("获取的虚拟目录为:" + contextPath);

        //获取请求的路径
        String servletPath = request.getServletPath();
        System.out.println("获取请求的路径为:" + servletPath);

        //获取Get方式的请求参数
        String queryString = request.getQueryString();
        System.out.println("获取Get方式的请求参数为:" + queryString);

        //获取URI相对服务器路径 及 URL全路径
        String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
        System.out.println("获取URI相对服务器路径为:" + requestURI);
        StringBuffer requestURL = request.getRequestURL();
        System.out.println("获取URL全路径为:" + requestURL);

        //获取HTTP协议及版本号
        String protocol = request.getProtocol();
        System.out.println("获取HTTP协议及版本号:" + protocol);

        //获取客户机的IP地址
        String remoteAddr = request.getRemoteAddr();
        System.out.println("获取客户机的IP地址:" + remoteAddr);
    }
}

控制台显示:

 总结:

  • String method = request.getMethod();获取请求方式:Get
  • String contextPath = request.getContextPath();获取虚拟目录
  • String servletPath = request.getServletPath();获取请求的路径
  • String queryString = request.getQueryString();获取Get方式的请求参数
  • String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();获取URI相对服务器路径
  • StringBuffer requestURL = request.getRequestURL();获取URL全路径
  • String protocol = request.getProtocol();获取HTTP协议及版本号
  • String remoteAddr = request.getRemoteAddr();获取客户机的IP地址
  • String remoteHost = request.getRemoteHost();
  • int remotePort = request.getRemotePort();
  • String remoteUser = request.getRemoteUser();
  • String pathInfo = request.getPathInfo();
  • String localAddr = request.getLocalAddr();获取WEB服务器的IP地址
  • String localName = request.getLocalName();获取WEB服务器的主机名

四、request 获取请求头的数据

1、获取请求头的方法:

  • String getHeader(String name):通过请求头的名称获取请求头的值
  • Enumeration<String> getHeaderNames():获取所有的请求头名称

2、实例:新建文件 ServletRequestDemo03.java 执行 service 方法

package cn.lemon.request;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;

@WebServlet("/ServletRequestDemo03")
public class ServletRequestDemo03 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //获取所有请求头数据
        Enumeration<String> headerNames = req.getHeaderNames();
        //遍历
        while (headerNames.hasMoreElements()){
            String name = headerNames.nextElement();
            String value = req.getHeader(name);//根据 neme 获取请求头的 value
            System.out.println("请求头名为:" + name + "---------对应请求头的值为:" + value);
        }
    }
}

查看控制台:

在这里插入图片描述

 3、实例
查看客户端是谷歌浏览器还是火狐浏览器

package cn.lemon.request;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/ServletRequestDemo04")
public class ServletRequestDemo04 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request,response);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //获取请求头数据 user_agent
        String agent = request.getHeader("user-agent");
        //判断浏览器的 agent 版本
        if (agent.contains("Chrome")){
            System.out.println("客户端使用的是谷歌浏览器");
        }else if (agent.contains("Firefox")){
            System.out.println("客户端使用的是火狐浏览器");
        }
    }
}

4、实例
防盗链

package cn.lemon.request;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/ServletRequestDemo05")
public class ServletRequestDemo05 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request,response);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //获取请求头的数据 referer
        String referer = request.getHeader("referer");
        System.out.println(referer);

        //防盗链
        if (referer != null){
            if (referer.contains("ServletRequestDemo04")){
                response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
                response.getWriter().write("播放电影");
            }else {
                //盗链
                response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
                response.getWriter().write("想看电影来快播.....");
            }
        }
    }
}

五、request 获取请求体的数据

1、提醒:

请求体:只有POST请求方式,才有请求体,在请求体中封装了POST请求的请求参数获取流对象,再从流对象中拿数据。

2、方法:

  • BufferedReader getReader():获取字符输入流,只能操作字符数据
  • ServletInputStream getInputStream():获取字节输入流,可以操作所有类型数据

3、实例
先写一个 input.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>文本输入框</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="ServletRequestDemo06" method="post"><!--只能使用POST方式才能获取请求体-->
    <input type="text" name="username" value="请输入姓名"><br>
    <input type="text" name="password" value="请输入密码"><br>
    <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>

再写一个 Java 类 :ServleRequestDemo06.java 获取提交数据

package cn.lemon.request;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/ServletRequestDemo06")
public class ServletRequestDemo06 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request,response);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //获取请求体消息,请求参数
        BufferedReader bufferedReader = request.getReader();//获取字符流
        String line = null;
        while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null){//读取一行数据
            System.out.println(line);
        }
    }
}

六、获取请求的通用方式

不论get请求方式还是post请求方式都可以使用下列方法来获取请求参数

  • String getParameter(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值
  • String[] getParameterValues(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值的数组,如:hobby=xx&hobby=game
  • Enumeration<String> getParameterNames():获取所有请求的参数名称
  • Map<String,String[]> getParameterMap():获取所有参数的map集合

案例:
先写一个 regist.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>注册页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/project/ServletRequestDemo07" method="post">
    <input type="text" placeholder="请输入用户名" name="username"><br>
    <input type="text" placeholder="请输入密码" name="password"><br>
    <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="game">游戏
    <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="study">学习<br>
    <input type="submit" value="注册">
</form>
</body>
</html>

再写一个测试类 ServletRequstDemo07.java

package cn.lemon.request;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Map;

@WebServlet("/ServletRequestDemo07")
public class ServletRequestDemo07 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request,response);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String username = request.getParameter("username");//根据参数名称获取参数值
        System.out.println(username);

        String[] hobby = request.getParameterValues("hobby");//根据参数名称获取参数数组
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(hobby));

        //只能得到一个参数
        String hobby2 = request.getParameter("hobby");
        System.out.println(hobby2);

        System.out.println("--------------");
        //得到所有的参数名
        Enumeration<String> names = request.getParameterNames();
        while (names.hasMoreElements()) {
            String name = names.nextElement();
            String value = request.getParameter(name);
            System.out.println(name + ":\t" + value);
        }

        System.out.println("-----------");
        //得到所有的参数的Map形式
        Map<String, String[]> parameterMap =  request.getParameterMap();
        for (String key : parameterMap.keySet()) {
            System.out.println(key + Arrays.toString(parameterMap.get(key)));
        }
    }
}

七、中文乱码的解决

  1. get方式:tomcat 8 已经将get方式乱码问题解决了
  2. post方式:在获取参数前,设置request的编码request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

案例:
新建 input02.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>登录</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/project/ServletRequestDemo08" method="post">
    <input type="text" name="username" value="请输入用户名"><br>
    <input type="text" name="password" value="请输入密码"><br>
    <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>

再建一个 ServletRequestDemo08.java

package cn.lemon.request;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/ServletRequestDemo08")
public class ServletRequestDemo08 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //设置编码格式
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        //获取参数username
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        System.out.println(username);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}

八、请求转发

一种在服务器内部的资源跳转方式

通过request对象获取请求转发器对象:RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String path)
使用RequestDispatcher对象来进行转发:forward(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)

特点:

浏览器地址栏路径不发生变化,只能转发到当前服务器内部资源中,转发是一次请求。

案例:
新建一个ServletRequestDemo09.java

package cn.lemon.request;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/ServletRequestDemo09")
public class ServletRequestDemo09 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request,response);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //请求转发,转发路径不需要加虚拟目录,重定向需要加虚拟目录
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/ServletRequestDemo10").forward(request,response);
    }
}

新建一个ServletRequestDemo10.java

package cn.lemon.request;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/ServletRequestDemo10")
public class ServletRequestDemo10 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request,response);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.getWriter().print("ServletRequestDemo10 被访问了,通过 ServletRequestDemo9 请求转发过来的");
    }
}

当访问ServletRequestDemo09.java 时,它直接跳到ServletRequestDemo10.java

九、共享数据

域对象:一个有作用范围的对象,可以在范围内共享数据
request域:代表一次请求的范围,一般用于请求转发的多个资源中共享数据

方法:

  • void setAttribute(String name,Object obj):存储数据
  • Object getAttitude(String name):通过键获取值
  • void removeAttribute(String name):通过键移除键值对

案例:
新建一个ServletRequestDemo09.java

package cn.lemon.request;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/ServletRequestDemo09")
public class ServletRequestDemo09 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request,response);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //在request作用域存储数据
        request.setAttribute("name1","存入数据的Object01");
        request.setAttribute("name2","存入数据的Object02");
        request.setAttribute("name3","存入数据的Object03");
        request.setAttribute("name4","存入数据的Object04");
        //请求转发,转发路径不需要加虚拟目录,重定向需要加虚拟目录
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/ServletRequestDemo10").forward(request,response);
    }
}

新建一个ServletRequestDemo10.java

package cn.lemon.request;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/ServletRequestDemo10")
public class ServletRequestDemo10 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request,response);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        Object obj = request.getAttribute("name1");//取出数据
        response.getWriter().print(obj);//打印数据
        response.getWriter().print("ServletRequestDemo10 被访问了,通过 ServletRequestDemo9 请求转发过来的");
    }
}

  • 0
    点赞
  • 0
    收藏
    觉得还不错? 一键收藏
  • 0
    评论

“相关推荐”对你有帮助么?

  • 非常没帮助
  • 没帮助
  • 一般
  • 有帮助
  • 非常有帮助
提交
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值