OpenCV10：彩色图片直方图&灰度图片直方图（源码实现非调用方法）

直方图的本质：统计每个像素灰度出现的概率，所以它的横坐标为0-255，是灰度等级
纵坐标为其出现频率。

首先是彩色图片的直方图，画的是rgb三元色的直方图，代码如下：

import cv2
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

img = cv2.imread('OpenCV\\image0.JPG',1)
imgInfo = img.shape
height = imgInfo[0]
width = imgInfo[1]

# 分别求b，g，r出现的概率
count_b = np.zeros(256, np.float)
count_g = np.zeros(256, np.float)
count_r = np.zeros(256, np.float)
for i in range(height):
    for j in range(width):
        (b,g,r) = img[i,j]    
        index_b = int(b)    # 将np. 数据类型转换为int
        index_g = int(g)
        index_r = int(r)
        count_b[index_b] = count_b[index_b] + 1
        count_g[index_g] = count_g[index_g] + 1
        count_r[index_r] = count_r[index_r] + 1
for i in range(256):
    count_b[i] = count_b[i]/(height*width)
    count_g[i] = count_g[i]/(height*width)
    count_r[i] = count_r[i]/(height*width)

# 定义x轴坐标
x = np.linspace(0,255,256)

# 绘制图像 
y1 = count_b
plt.figure()
plt.bar(x, y1, 0.9, alpha=1, color='b')

y2 = count_g
plt.figure()
plt.bar(x, y2, 0.9, alpha=1, color='g')

y3 = count_r
plt.figure()
plt.bar(x, y3, 0.9, alpha=1, color='r')

plt.show()

# 优化后的绘图
# 绘制图像 
plt.figure(figsize=(25,5))    # figsize调整图像大小
ax1 = plt.subplot(1,3,1)      # 一行三列的子图的第一个位置
ax2 = plt.subplot(1,3,2)
ax3 = plt.subplot(1,3,3)

# 调整子图之间的间距
plt.tight_layout(pad=0.4, w_pad=5, h_pad=1.0)

plt.sca(ax1)    # 选择 ax1
y1 = count_b
plt.bar(x, y1, 0.9, alpha=1, color='b')

plt.sca(ax2)    # 选择 ax2
y2 = count_g
plt.bar(x, y2, 0.9, alpha=1, color='g')

plt.sca(ax3)    # 选择 ax3
y3 = count_r
plt.bar(x, y3, 0.9, alpha=1, color='r')

plt.show()

优化后的绘图：

下面是灰度图像直方图。

import cv2
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

img = cv2.imread('OpenCV\\image0.JPG', 1)
ImgInfo = img.shape
height = ImgInfo[0]
width = ImgInfo[1]

gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
count = np.zeros(256, np.float)    # 建立一个大小为256的数组

for i in range(height):
    for j in range(width):
        pixel = gray[i,j]    # 图像中像素值的类型是np.uint8
        index = int(pixel)
        # 0-255的下标，意味着0-255的灰度等级，每当符合其灰度等级，就在count数组中的对应位置加一
        count[index] = count[index] + 1
# 计算每种灰度出现的概率
for i in range(255):
    count[i] = count[i]/(height*width)

# 用matplot绘图
x = np.linspace(0,255,256)
y = count
plt.bar(x, y, width=0.8, alpha=1, color='b')
plt.show()

结果如下：