Android开发-Http及HttpURLConnection

 

1.概述

    在过去，Android上发送Http请求一般有两种方式：HttpURLConnection和HttpClient。不过由于HttpClient存在API数量过多，扩展困难等缺点，在Android6.0系统中，HttpClient就被完全移除了，标志着正式弃用。如下，将学习HttpURLConnection

 

2.HttpURLConnection

2.1 概述

      HttpURLConnection是Java的标准类，用于Android程序进行网络请求。

2.2 获取HTTPURLConnection实例

      一般需要new一个URL对象，并传入网络地址，然后调用openConnection()方法即可。如下所示：

try {
    URL url = new URL("http://www.baidu.com");
    HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}

2.3 设置请求方式

      在获取到HttpURLConnection实例后，就可以设置Http请求所使用的方法了。常用的方法主要有：GET和POST。GET表示请求数据，POST表示提交数据。写法如下所示：

//GET
connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
//POST
connection.setRequestMethod("POST");

2.4 定制请求

    比如设置连接超时，读取超时的毫秒数，服务器希望得到一些消息头等等，如下所示：

//设置连接超时为5秒
connection.setConnectTimeout(50000);
//设置读取超时为5秒
connection.setReadTimeout(5000);

2.5 获取输入流

      调用getInputStream()方法就可以获取到服务器返回的输入流，然后对输入流进行读取，如下所示：

//获取输入流
InputStream inputStream = connection.getInputStream();

2.6 关闭Http连接

      调用disconnect()方法将Http连接关闭，如下所示：

//关闭Http连接
connection.disconnect();

 

 

 

3.Http的封装

     Http的封装通过回调机制，代码如下所示：

    1）回调接口

/**
 * Http回调接口
 */
public interface HttpCallbackListener {

    //处理请求成功
    void onFinish(String response);
    //处理请求失败
    void onError(Exception e);

}

    2）HttpUtil

/**
 * Http工具类，利用回调机制
 */
public class HttpUtil {

    /**
     * GET请求
     * @param sendUrl
     * @param listener
     */
    public static void requestUrlByGet(final String sendUrl, final HttpCallbackListener listener){
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                HttpURLConnection connection = null;
                try {
                    URL url = new URL(sendUrl);
                    connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
                    connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
                    connection.setConnectTimeout(5000);
                    connection.setReadTimeout(5000);

                    int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();
                    if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
                        InputStream inputStream = connection.getInputStream();
                        if (listener != null){
                            //利用回调机制
                            listener.onFinish(dealResponseResult(inputStream));
                        }
                    }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    //异常处理
                    listener.onError(e);
                } finally {
                    //关闭连接
                    connection.disconnect();
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }

    /**
     * POST请求
     * @param sendUrl
     * @param params
     * @param listener
     */
    public static void requestUrlByPost(final String sendUrl, final String params, final HttpCallbackListener listener){
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                HttpURLConnection connection = null;
                try {
                    URL url = new URL(sendUrl);
                    connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
                    connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
                    connection.setConnectTimeout(5000);
                    connection.setReadTimeout(5000);
                    //设置请求体的类型是文本类型
                    connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
                    //设置请求体的长度
                    connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", String.valueOf(params));
                    //获得输出流，向服务器写入数据
                    OutputStream outputStream = connection.getOutputStream();
                    outputStream.write(params.getBytes());

                    int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();
                    if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
                        InputStream inputStream = connection.getInputStream();
                        if (listener != null){
                            listener.onFinish(dealResponseResult(inputStream));
                        }
                    }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    //异常处理
                    listener.onError(e);
                } finally {
                    //关闭连接
                    connection.disconnect();
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }

    /**
     * 处理服务端返回的数据
     * @param inputStream
     * @return String
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static String dealResponseResult(InputStream inputStream) throws IOException {
        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
        StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
        String str = null;
        while ((str = reader.readLine()) != null) {
            buffer.append(str);
        }
        return buffer.toString();
    }

}

 

4.案例

       下面案例以访问http://www.baidu.com网址，获取并展示返回的数据。

    1）效果图

 

    2）布局

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/send_request"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="send request"/>

    <ScrollView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent">

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/response_text"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
    </ScrollView>

</LinearLayout>

    3）逻辑业务

public class Main2Activity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private Button btnSendRequest;
    private TextView tvResponse;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main2);

        btnSendRequest = findViewById(R.id.send_request);
        tvResponse = findViewById(R.id.response_text);

        btnSendRequest.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                HttpUtil.requestUrlByGet("https://www.baidu.com", new HttpCallbackListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onFinish(String response) {
                        showResponseOnTextView(response);
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onError(Exception e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                });
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * 将获取到的数据展示在TextView控件上
     * @param response
     */
    private void showResponseOnTextView(final String response) {
        //切回主线程
        runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                tvResponse.setText(response);
            }
        });
    }
    
}