作用
/etc/login.defs 是设置用户帐号限制的文件。该文件里的配置对root用户无效。/etc/login.defs 文件用于在Linux创建用户时,对用户的一些基本属性做默认设置,例如指定用户 UID 和 GID 的范围,用户的过期时间,密码的最大长度,等等。
需要注意的是,该文件的用户默认配置对 root 用户无效。并且,当此文件中的配置与 /etc/passwd 和 /etc/shadow 文件中的用户信息有冲突时,系统会以/etc/passwd 和 /etc/shadow 为准。
如果/etc/shadow文件里有相同的选项,则以/etc/shadow里的设置为准,也就是说/etc/shadow的配置优先级高于/etc/login.defs
文件内容
+ cat /etc/login.defs
#
# Please note that the parameters in this configuration file control the
# behavior of the tools from the shadow-utils component. None of these
# tools uses the PAM mechanism, and the utilities that use PAM (such as the
# passwd command) should therefore be configured elsewhere. Refer to
# /etc/pam.d/system-auth for more information.
#
# *REQUIRED*
# Directory where mailboxes reside, _or_ name of file, relative to the
# home directory. If you _do_ define both, MAIL_DIR takes precedence.
# QMAIL_DIR is for Qmail
#
#QMAIL_DIR Maildir
MAIL_DIR /var/spool/mail
#MAIL_FILE .mail
# Password aging controls:
#
# PASS_MAX_DAYS Maximum number of days a password may be used.
# PASS_MIN_DAYS Minimum number of days allowed between password changes.
# PASS_MIN_LEN Minimum acceptable password length.
# PASS_WARN_AGE Number of days warning given before a password expires.
#
PASS_MAX_DAYS 99999
PASS_MIN_DAYS 0
PASS_MIN_LEN 5
PASS_WARN_AGE 7
#
# Min/max values for automatic uid selection in useradd
#
UID_MIN 1000
UID_MAX 60000
# System accounts
SYS_UID_MIN 201
SYS_UID_MAX 999
#
# Min/max values for automatic gid selection in groupadd
#
GID_MIN 1000
GID_MAX 60000
# System accounts
SYS_GID_MIN 201
SYS_GID_MAX 999
#
# If defined, this command is run when removing a user.
# It should remove any at/cron/print jobs etc. owned by
# the user to be removed (passed as the first argument).
#
#USERDEL_CMD /usr/sbin/userdel_local
#
# If useradd should create home directories for users by default
# On RH systems, we do. This option is overridden with the -m flag on
# useradd command line.
#
CREATE_HOME yes
# The permission mask is initialized to this value. If not specified,
# the permission mask will be initialized to 022.
UMASK 077
# This enables userdel to remove user groups if no members exist.
#
USERGROUPS_ENAB yes
# Use SHA512 to encrypt password.
ENCRYPT_METHOD SHA512
分析
MAIL_DIR
PASS_MAX_DAYS
/etc/shadow第五栏位字段PASS_MIN_DAYS
/etc/shadow第四栏位字段PASS_MIN_LEN
设置密码时最短字符长度PASS_WARN_AGE
/etc/shadow第六栏位字段UID_MIN
UID_MAX
SYS_UID_MIN
SYS_UID_MAX
GID_MIN
GID_MAX
SYS_GID_MIN
SYS_GIN_MAX
CREATE_HOME
在不加-m or -M时,是否主动建立使用者家目录;UMASK
USERGROUPS_ENAB
使用【userdel
】时是否会删除初始用户组(当没有其它账号属于该用户组时);ENCRYPT_METHOD
密码的加密机制;