该模式的核心思想是保证一个类仅有一个实例,并提供一个该实例的全局访问点。与工厂模式、建筑者模式、原型模式都是属于创建模式;
class Singleton
{
private:
Singleton();
Singleton(const Singleton& other);
public:
static Singleton* getInstance();
static Singleton* m_instance;
};
Singleton* Singleton::m_instance=nullptr;
//线程非安全版本
Singleton* Singleton::getInstance()
{
if (m_instance == nullptr)
{
m_instance = new Singleton();
}
return m_instance;
}
//线程安全版本,但锁的代价过高
Singleton* Singleton::getInstance()
{
Lock lock;
if (m_instance == nullptr)
{
m_instance = new Singleton();
}
return m_instance;
}
//双检查锁,但由于内存读写reorder不安全
Singleton* Singleton::getInstance()
{
if(m_instance==nullptr)
{
Lock lock;
if (m_instance == nullptr) {
m_instance = new Singleton();
}
}
return m_instance;
}
//C++ 11版本之后的跨平台实现 (volatile)
std::atomic<Singleton*> Singleton::m_instance;
std::mutex Singleton::m_mutex;
Singleton* Singleton::getInstance()
{
Singleton* tmp = m_instance.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
std::atomic_thread_fence(std::memory_order_acquire);//获取内存fence
if (tmp == nullptr) {
std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
tmp = m_instance.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
if (tmp == nullptr)
{
tmp = new Singleton;
std::atomic_thread_fence(std::memory_order_release);//释放内存fence
m_instance.store(tmp, std::memory_order_relaxed);
}
}
return tmp;
}
在单件模式中,其构造思想是将构造函数作为私有成员函数,通过公有成员函数进行实例化返回;