c++之diamond problem

class Base中定义virtual函数，virtual void f(); class A和class B继承自class Base，并重写了基类的虚函数virtual void f(); class C继承自A和B, 如果class C中不实现 virtual void f()的话，编译器会报错，因为，不清楚class C使用A的还是B的f();

Diamond problem:

The "diamond problem" (sometimes referred to as the "deadly diamond of death") is an ambiguity that arises when two classes B and C inherit from A, and class D inherits from both B and C. If there is a method in A that B and C have overridden, and D does not override it, then which version of the method does D inherit: that of B, or that of C?

例子：

class Base {
public:
	virtual void f() {}
};
class A :public Base {
public:
	virtual void f() {}
};
class B :public Base {
public:
	virtual void f() {}
};

class C :public A, public B {
public:
     //virtual void f() {} //必须显式地定义该函数才可以编译通过
};


int main() {

	C objC;
	objC.f();//编译器报错
        return 1;
}

main函数中objC.f()；会报错。

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大多数现代编程语言对多重继承避而远之了， PHP 、Swift、Java 都是不支持 ，因为多重继承增加了程序的复杂性和含糊性，例如容易导致该菱形缺陷。但是Python支持多重继承的，Python 对菱形问题的处理使用方法解析顺序（Method Resolution Order，MRO）。

class A:
    def test(self):
        print("test A")

class B(A):
    def test(self):
        print("test B")

class C(A):
    def test(self):
        print("test C")

class D(B, C):
    pass

d = D()
d.test() # 此时输出 test B

python的MRO方法： https://makina-corpus.com/blog/metier/2014/python-tutorial-understanding-python-mro-class-search-path