Vue组件间的通讯方式

组件内的状态管理流程

• state：驱动应用的数据源
• view：以声明方式将state映射到视图
• actions：响应在view上的用户输入导致的状态变化

数据state绑定到视图view，当用户通过acions更改数据后，再把更改后的数据重新绑定到视图

组件间的通信方式

父组件给子组件传值

• 父组件中给子组件通过相应属性传值
  parent

<template>
  <div>
    <h1>Props Down Parent</h1>
    <child title="My journey with Vue"></child>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import child from './01-Child'
export default {
  components: {
    child
  }
}
</script>

• 子组件中通过props接收数据
  child

<template>
  <div>
    <h1>Props Down Child</h1>
    <h2>{{ title }}</h2>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  // props: ['title'],
  props: {
    title: String
  }
}
</script>

子组件给父组件传值-$emit
parent

<template>
  <div>
    <h1 :style="{ fontSize: hFontSize + 'em'}">Event Up Parent</h1>

    这里的文字不需要变化

    <child :fontSize="hFontSize" v-on:enlargeText="enlargeText"></child>
    <child :fontSize="hFontSize" v-on:enlargeText="enlargeText"></child>
    <child :fontSize="hFontSize" v-on:enlargeText="hFontSize += $event"></child>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import child from './02-Child'
export default {
  components: {
    child
  },
  data () {
    return {
      hFontSize: 1
    }
  },
  methods: {
    enlargeText (size) {
      this.hFontSize += size
    }
  }
}
</script>

child

<template>
  <div>
    <h1 :style="{ fontSize: fontSize + 'em' }">Props Down Child</h1>
    <button @click="handler">文字增大</button>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  props: {
    fontSize: Number
  },
  methods: {
    handler () {
      this.$emit('enlargeText', 0.1)
    }
  }
}
</script>

不相关组件之间传值-eventBus
siblingA

<template>
  <div>
    <h1>Event Bus Sibling01</h1>
    <div class="number" @click="sub">-</div>
    <input type="text" style="width: 30px; text-align: center" :value="value">
    <div class="number" @click="add">+</div>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import bus from './eventbus'

export default {
  props: {
    num: Number
  },
  created () {
    this.value = this.num
  },
  data () {
    return {
      value: -1
    }
  },
  methods: {
    sub () {
      if (this.value > 1) {
        this.value--
        bus.$emit('numchange', this.value)
      }
    },
    add () {
      this.value++
      bus.$emit('numchange', this.value)
    }
  }
}
</script>

<style>
.number {
  display: inline-block;
  cursor: pointer;
  width: 20px;
  text-align: center;
}
</style>

siblingB

<template>
  <div>
    <h1>Event Bus Sibling02</h1>

    <div>{{ msg }}</div>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import bus from './eventbus'
export default {
  data () {
    return {
      msg: ''
    }
  },
  created () {
    bus.$on('numchange', (value) => {
      this.msg = `您选择了${value}件商品`
    })
  }
}
</script>

eventBus.js

import Vue from 'vue'
export default new Vue()

通过ref获取子组件

• 在普通HTML标签上使用ref，获取到的是DOM

<template>
  <div>
    <h1>ref Child</h1>
    <input ref="input" type="text" v-model="value">
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  data () {
    return {
      value: ''
    }
  },
  methods: {
    focus () {
      this.$refs.input.focus()
    }
  }
}
</script>

• 在组件标签上使用ref，获取到的是组件实例

<template>
  <div>
    <h1>ref Parent</h1>

    <child ref="c"></child>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import child from './04-Child'
export default {
  components: {
    child
  },
  mounted () {
    this.$refs.c.focus()
    this.$refs.c.value = 'hello input'
  }
}
</script>

其他方式（不推荐使用）

• $root
• $parent
• $children

实现一个简易的状态管理方案（一个mini Vuex）

以上方案只适合组件间的通信，如果有多个视图依赖同一状态或来自不同视图的行为需要变更同一状态时，就不太合适
A.vue

<template>
  <div>
    <h1>componentA</h1>
    user name: {{ sharedState.user.name }}
    <button @click="change">Change Info</button>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import store from './store'
export default {
  methods: {
    change () {
      store.setUserNameAction('componentA')
    }
  },
  data () {
    return {
      privateState: {},
      sharedState: store.state
    }
  }
}
</script>

B.vue

<template>
  <div>
    <h1>componentB</h1>
    user name: {{ sharedState.user.name }}
    <button @click="change">Change Info</button>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import store from './store'
export default {
  methods: {
    change () {
      store.setUserNameAction('componentB')
    }
  },
  data () {
    return {
      privateState: {},
      sharedState: store.state
    }
  }
}
</script>

miniVuex

export default {
  debug: true,
  state: {
    user: {
      name: 'xiaomao',
      age: 18,
      sex: '男'
    }
  },
  setUserNameAction (name) {
    if (this.debug) {
      console.log('setUserNameAction triggered：', name)
    }
    this.state.user.name = name
  }
}