Vuex的使用和模拟一个Vuex

什么是Vuex

• Vuex是专门为Vue.js设计的状态管理库
• Vuex采用集中式的方式存储需要共享的状态
• Vuex的作用时进行状态管理，解决复杂组件通信，数据共享
• Vuex集成到了devtools中，提供了time-travel时光旅行历史回滚功能

什么情况下使用Vuex

• 非必要的情况下不要使用Vuex（项目不大，组件间数据共享不多）
• 大型的单页应用程序
• 多个视图依赖于同一状态
• 来自不同视图的行为需要变更同一状态

Vuex核心概念

• Store：Vuex核心，每一个Vuex仅有一个store
• State：Vuex的状态（单一状态树），是响应式的
• Getter：Vuex中的计算属性
• Mutation：同步更改状态
• Action：异步操作
• Module：Vuex模块

Vuex的使用

main.js

import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import router from './router'
import store from './store'

Vue.config.productionTip = false

new Vue({
  router,
  store,
  render: h => h(App)
}).$mount('#app')

store/index.js

import Vue from 'vue'
import Vuex from 'vuex'
import products from './modules/products'
import cart from './modules/cart'

Vue.use(Vuex)

export default new Vuex.Store({
  strict: process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production', // 非生产环境开启严格模式，不允许在mutation外修改state
  state: {
    count: 0,
    msg: 'Hello Vuex'
  },
  getters: {
    reverseMsg (state) {
      return state.msg.split('').reverse().join('')
    }
  },
  mutations: {
    increate (state, payload) {
      state.count += payload
    }
  },
  actions: {
    increateAsync (context, payload) {
      setTimeout(() => {
        context.commit('increate', payload)
      }, 2000)
    }
  },
  modules: {
    products,
    cart
  }
})

store/modules/products.js

const state = {
  products: [
    { id: 1, title: 'iPhone 11', price: 8000 },
    { id: 2, title: 'iPhone 12', price: 10000 }
  ]
}
const getters = {}
const mutations = {
  setProducts (state, payload) {
    state.products = payload
  }
}
const actions = {}

export default {
  namespaced: true,
  state,
  getters,
  mutations,
  actions
}

store/modules/cart.js

const state = {}
const getters = {}
const mutations = {}
const actions = {}

export default {
  namespaced: true,
  state,
  getters,
  mutations,
  actions
}

App.vue

<template>
  <div id="app">
    <h1>Vuex - Demo</h1>
    <!-- count：{{ $store.state.count }} <br>
    msg: {{ $store.state.msg }} -->
    <!-- count：{{ count }} <br>
    msg: {{ msg }} -->

    count：{{ num }} <br>
    msg: {{ message }}

    <h2>Getter</h2>
    <!-- reverseMsg: {{ $store.getters.reverseMsg }} -->
    reverseMsg: {{ reverseMsg }}

    <h2>Mutation</h2>
    <!-- <button @click="$store.commit('increate', 2)">Mutation</button> -->
    <button @click="increate(3)">Mutation</button>

    <h2>Action</h2>
    <!-- <button @click="$store.dispatch('increateAsync', 5)">Action</button> -->
    <button @click="increateAsync(6)">Action</button>

    <h2>Module</h2>
    <!-- products: {{ $store.state.products.products }} <br>
    <button @click="$store.commit('setProducts', [])">Mutation</button> -->
    products: {{ products }} <br>
    <button @click="setProducts([])">Mutation</button>

    <h2>strict</h2>
    <button @click="$store.state.msg = 'Lagou'">strict</button>
  </div>
</template>
<script>
import { mapState, mapGetters, mapMutations, mapActions } from 'vuex'
export default {
  computed: {
    // count: state => state.count
    // ...mapState(['count', 'msg'])
    ...mapState({ num: 'count', message: 'msg' }),
    ...mapGetters(['reverseMsg']),
    ...mapState('products', ['products'])
  },
  methods: {
    ...mapMutations(['increate']),
    ...mapActions(['increateAsync']),
    ...mapMutations('products', ['setProducts'])
  }
}
</script>
<style>
#app {
  font-family: Avenir, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
  text-align: center;
  color: #2c3e50;
}

#nav {
  padding: 30px;
}

#nav a {
  font-weight: bold;
  color: #2c3e50;
}

#nav a.router-link-exact-active {
  color: #42b983;
}
</style>

模拟Vuex

let _Vue = null

class Store {
  constructor (options) {
    const {
      state = {},
      getters = {},
      mutations = {},
      actions = {}
    } = options
    this.state = _Vue.observable(state)
    this.getters = Object.create(null)
    Object.keys(getters).forEach(key => {
      Object.defineProperty(this.getters, key, {
        get: () => getters[key](state)
      })
    })
    this._mutations = mutations
    this._actions = actions
  }

  commit (type, payload) {
    this._mutations[type](this.state, payload)
  }

  dispatch (type, payload) {
    this._actions[type](this, payload)
  }
}

function install (Vue) {
  _Vue = Vue
  _Vue.mixin({
    beforeCreate () {
      if (this.$options.store) {
        _Vue.prototype.$store = this.$options.store
      }
    }
  })
}

export default {
  Store,
  install
}