多线程编程八-父子线程怎么共享数据(InheritableThreadLocal的使用)

在前面文章中我们已经通过ThreadLocal来实现线程级别的数据共享。那么如果子线程想访问父线程的数据该怎么做呢，InheritableThreadLocal可以帮助我们实现

1 InheritableThreadLocal的使用

测试代码

private InheritableThreadLocal<Integer> inheritableThreadLocalData = new InheritableThreadLocal<>();

private ThreadLocal<Integer> threadLocalData = new ThreadLocal<>();

@Test
public void testInheritableThreadLocal() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
    inheritableThreadLocalData.set(1);
    threadLocalData.set(1);
    System.out.println("current thread get InheritableThreadLocal data:" + inheritableThreadLocalData.get() +
            " get ThreadLocal data:" + threadLocalData.get());
    new Thread(() -> System.out.println("son thread get InheritableThreadLocal data:" + inheritableThreadLocalData.get() +
            " get ThreadLocal data:" + threadLocalData.get())).start();
}

输出
current thread get InheritableThreadLocal data:1 get ThreadLocal data:1
son thread get InheritableThreadLocal data:1 get ThreadLocal data:null
可以看到当前内是可以访问到ThreadLocal和InheritableThreadLocal的数据的
子线程只能访问InheritableThreadLocal的数据，不能访问ThreadLocal的数据

2 InheritableThreadLocal原理

InheritableThreadLocal继承了ThreadLocal类，get、set方法用的都是父类的方法，只是重写了getMap和createMap

ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) {
   return t.inheritableThreadLocals;
}

void createMap(Thread t, T firstValue) {
    t.inheritableThreadLocals = new ThreadLocalMap(this, firstValue);
}

inheritableThreadLocals也是ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap对象，正常来说InheritableThreadLocal和ThreadLocal的功能完全一致的，那么为什么前者可以获取到父线程的值，后者不能呢？
我们看一下Thread的构造方法

public Thread(Runnable target) {
    init(null, target, "Thread-" + nextThreadNum(), 0);
}

直接跟到最下面

private void init(ThreadGroup g, Runnable target, String name,
                  long stackSize, AccessControlContext acc,
                  boolean inheritThreadLocals) {
    if (name == null) {
        throw new NullPointerException("name cannot be null");
    }

    this.name = name;

    Thread parent = currentThread();
    SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
    if (g == null) {
        /* Determine if it's an applet or not */

        /* If there is a security manager, ask the security manager
           what to do. */
        if (security != null) {
            g = security.getThreadGroup();
        }

        /* If the security doesn't have a strong opinion of the matter
           use the parent thread group. */
        if (g == null) {
            g = parent.getThreadGroup();
        }
    }

    /* checkAccess regardless of whether or not threadgroup is
       explicitly passed in. */
    g.checkAccess();

    /*
     * Do we have the required permissions?
     */
    if (security != null) {
        if (isCCLOverridden(getClass())) {
            security.checkPermission(SUBCLASS_IMPLEMENTATION_PERMISSION);
        }
    }

    g.addUnstarted();

    this.group = g;
    this.daemon = parent.isDaemon();
    this.priority = parent.getPriority();
    if (security == null || isCCLOverridden(parent.getClass()))
        this.contextClassLoader = parent.getContextClassLoader();
    else
        this.contextClassLoader = parent.contextClassLoader;
    this.inheritedAccessControlContext =
            acc != null ? acc : AccessController.getContext();
    this.target = target;
    setPriority(priority);
    if (inheritThreadLocals && parent.inheritableThreadLocals != null)
        this.inheritableThreadLocals =
            ThreadLocal.createInheritedMap(parent.inheritableThreadLocals);
    /* Stash the specified stack size in case the VM cares */
    this.stackSize = stackSize;

    /* Set thread ID */
    tid = nextThreadID();
}

关键就在这段代码

// parent就是父线程，也就是执行new Thread()的线程
if (inheritThreadLocals && parent.inheritableThreadLocals != null)
    this.inheritableThreadLocals =
        ThreadLocal.createInheritedMap(parent.inheritableThreadLocals);

这里会把父线程的inheritableThreadLocals赋值给子线程，从而实现了父子线程变量传递