Linux获取文件信息

参考手册：http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/stat.2.html

基本使用方式：

int stat(const char *pathname, struct stat *statbuf);
int lstat(const char *pathname, struct stat *statbuf);

pathname是文件路径，statbuf是文件状态。
lstat的更高级的用处是可以识别文件链接。

stat的结构：

     struct stat {
               dev_t     st_dev;         /* ID of device containing file */
               ino_t     st_ino;         /* Inode number */
               mode_t    st_mode;        /* File type and mode */
               nlink_t   st_nlink;       /* Number of hard links */
               uid_t     st_uid;         /* User ID of owner */
               gid_t     st_gid;         /* Group ID of owner */
               dev_t     st_rdev;        /* Device ID (if special file) */
               off_t     st_size;        /* Total size, in bytes */
               blksize_t st_blksize;     /* Block size for filesystem I/O */
               blkcnt_t  st_blocks;      /* Number of 512B blocks allocated */

               /* Since Linux 2.6, the kernel supports nanosecond
                  precision for the following timestamp fields.
                  For the details before Linux 2.6, see NOTES. */

               struct timespec st_atim;  /* Time of last access */
               struct timespec st_mtim;  /* Time of last modification */
               struct timespec st_ctim;  /* Time of last status change */

           #define st_atime st_atim.tv_sec      /* Backward compatibility */
           #define st_mtime st_mtim.tv_sec
           #define st_ctime st_ctim.tv_sec
           };

简单实例：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/sysmacros.h>

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
  struct stat sb;
  if (argc != 2) {
    fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <pathname>\n", argv[0]);
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  }

  if (stat(argv[1], &sb) == -1) {
    perror("stat() error\n");
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  }

  printf("ID of containing device: [%lx, %lx]\n",
      (long)sb.st_dev, (long)sb.st_dev);

  return 0;
}