filter过滤器

最近学习了filter过滤器的相关知识，于是和大家分享一下，因为是小白所以大家轻喷，可以互相交流谢谢！

首先filter的模板如下：

public class Demo implements Filter{

public Demo() {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
System.out.println("Demo构造");
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println("Demo销毁");
}


@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1, FilterChain arg2)
throws IOException, ServletException {
System.out.println("FilterDemo1执行前");
arg2.doFilter(arg0, arg1);//让下一个执行。放行
System.out.println("FilterDemo1执行后");
}


@Override
public void init(FilterConfig arg0) throws ServletException {//初始化
System.out.println("Demo初始化");

}


}

这里的执行顺序是：Demo构造  Demo初始化 FilterDemo1执行前 FilterDemo1执行后 Demo销毁
下面还需要配置相应的web.xml

配置的方法和servlet相类似

<filter>
  <filter-name>Demo</filter-name>
  <filter-class>cn.xzxy.demo.Demo</filter-class>
  </filter>
  
  <filter-mapping>
  <filter-name>Demo</filter-name>
  <!-- 对所有的访问过滤 -->
  <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

其实filter的作用类似与门卫保安过滤处理以及放行。

其实这里的init destroy等方法都是没有太大的作用的，比较重要的是doFilter这个方法。所以我们可以创建一个实现这个接口的抽象类，把不需要经常重写的方法在这里进行实现。然后具体功能由具体类继承抽象类来实现

下面举个例子，是修改网页的编码格式的过滤器

public class SetCharacterEncodingFilter extends AbstractFilter {

private FilterConfig filterConfig;
//由服务器传入参数

@Override
public void init(FilterConfig arg0) throws ServletException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
this.filterConfig = arg0;
}
@Override
public void doFilter(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, FilterChain arg2)
throws IOException, ServletException {
// 如果使用者在配置过滤器时，没有指定参数，得到null
String encoding =filterConfig.getInitParameter("encoding");
if(encoding == null){
encoding= "UTF-8";
}

arg0.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);
arg1.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);
arg1.setContentType("text/html;charset="+ encoding);
arg2.doFilter(arg0, arg1);
}

}

abstract类

public  abstract  class AbstractFilter  implements Filter{
//默认适配器
@Override
public void destroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub

}

//模板方法设计模式
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1, FilterChain arg2)
throws IOException, ServletException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
HttpServletRequest request;
HttpServletResponse response;
try{
request =(HttpServletRequest) arg0;
response = (HttpServletResponse) arg1;
}catch(Exception e){
throw new RuntimeException("non-http request or reponse");
}
doFilter(request, response, arg2);
}

public abstract void  doFilter(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, FilterChain arg2)
throws IOException, ServletException; 
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig arg0) throws ServletException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
//no op
}


}

相应的web.xml配置

<filter>
  <filter-name>SetCharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
  <filter-class>cn.xzxy.demo.SetCharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
  <!-- 配置过滤器的参数 -->
  <init-param>
  <param-name>encoding</param-name>
  <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
  </init-param>
  </filter>
  
  <filter-mapping>
  <filter-name>SetCharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
  <url-pattern>/SetCharacter</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

这个过滤器的作用是拦截相应的request,修改相应的编码,然后放行。这里的代码主要用了以上的思想方法，简化了具体实现类的代码，使具体类变得简洁。