winform桌面程序如何调用后台API的方法(一)

文章介绍了如何在winform桌面程序中通过调用后台API来解决代码复用和动态更新问题。通过创建后台API,当需要修复或更新方法时,可以在不影响其他项目的情况下,直接在后台修改并立即影响到所有引用该项目的程序,提高开发效率和代码维护性。
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前言


        每当进行winform桌面程序开发时,为了实现项目之间的代码复用,通常会将一些通用的方法封装成动态库(.dll)。但是这样也存在一个问题,假设将方法A方法封装成动态库MyDll后,项目Project1引用了MyDll,可以使用A方法;在项目Project2引用MyDll使用A方法时,发现A方法有bug,并对A方法进行修复。此时,Project1使用的方法A仍然存在bug,需要重新引用最新的MyDll才能修复A的bug。那么,是否有更好的解决方法,在Project2修复完成时,Project1引用的方法A也同步修复呢?


提示:以下是本篇文章正文内容,下面案例可供参考

一、如何解决?

        现在我给大家介绍的,就是如何使用winform调用后台的API

二、使用步骤

步骤一:构建后台API

  1. 开发工具:VS2019
  2. 目标框架:.net core 3.1
  3. 先在后台写一个简单的方法GetDateTime,用于winform端进行调用。

代码如下(GetDateTime):

using Agreement.Business.System;
using Agreement.Entity.Enum;
using Agreement.Entity.Models.AgreementEntity;
using log4net;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace tokendemo.Controllers
{
    [ApiController]
    [Route("[controller]/[action]")]
    public class MyTestDemoController : CommServers
    {
        private readonly ILog _logger;
        public MyTestDemoController()
        {
            _logger = LogManager.GetLogger(typeof(MyTestDemoController));
        }

        [HttpGet]
        public async Task<TData> GetDateTime()
        {
            string strResult= "Beijing Time:" + DateTime.Now.ToString();
            return ReturnObj<bool>(ResultEnum.Sucess, true, strResult);
          
        }


    }
}

4.为了将返回值进行统一,封装一个CommServers.cs类,用于赋值返回,需要引用类TData.cs和枚举ResultEnum.cs:

代码如下(CommServers.cs):

using Agreement.Entity.Enum;
using Agreement.Entity.Models.AgreementEntity;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;


namespace Agreement.Business.System
{
    public class CommServers
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 构造返回结果
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
        /// <param name="result"></param>
        /// <param name="data"></param>
        /// <param name="mesage"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public TData<T> ReturnObj<T>(ResultEnum result, T data, string mesage)
        {
            TData<T> obj = new TData<T>();
            obj.Result = result;
            obj.Data = data;
            obj.TotalCount = 1;
            obj.Message = mesage;
            return obj;
        }

    }
}

5.第(4)点需要引用类TData.cs和枚举ResultEnum.cs

代码如下(TData.cs):

using Agreement.Entity.Enum;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;


namespace Agreement.Entity.Models.AgreementEntity
{
        public class TData
        {
        /// <summary>
        /// 操作结果,Result为1代表成功,0代表失败,其他的验证返回结果,可根据需要设置
        /// </summary>
        public ResultEnum Result { get; set; }

            /// <summary>
            /// 提示信息或异常信息
            /// </summary>
            public string Message { get; set; }

            /// <summary>
            /// 扩展Message
            /// </summary>
            public string Description { get; set; }
        }

        public class TData<T> : TData
        {
            /// <summary>
            /// 列表的记录数
            /// </summary>
            public int TotalCount { get; set; }

            /// <summary>
            /// 数据
            /// </summary>
            public T Data { get; set; }

        }

    
}

代码如下(ResultEnum.cs):

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Agreement.Entity.Enum
{

    /// <summary>
    /// 操作结果,Result为1代表成功,0代表失败,其他的验证返回结果,可根据需要设置
    /// </summary>
    public enum ResultEnum
    {

        /// <summary>
        /// 成功
        /// </summary>
        [Description("成功")]
        Sucess = 1,

        /// <summary>
        /// 失败
        /// </summary>
        [Description("失败")]
        Faill = 0

    }
}

运行后,先在后台测试方法是否可用,如下图:

 

步骤二:构建后台API

  1. 开发工具:VS2019
  2. 目标框架:.net Framework 4.7.2
  3. 先创建一个简单的winform程序,并添加一个简单的测试按钮,如下图:

     4. 在项目通过NutGet程序包,添加Newtonsoft.Json,操作步骤如下图:

     5. 完成Newtonsoft.Json程序包的安装之后,新建两个类,HttpReuestUtility.cs(将和后台通讯的方法封装到这个类中)和JsonObject.cs(主要将后台的通讯结果进行封装)。

代码如下(HttpReuestUtility.cs):

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Net;
using System.IO;
using Newtonsoft.Json;
using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;
using Newtonsoft.Json.Converters;

namespace JasonHelp
{
    public class HttpReuestUtility
    {
     
        /// <summary>
        /// 发送jason到服务器
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="SendDate"></param>
        /// <param name="InterfaceName"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static JsonObject GetResponseData(string SendDate, string InterfaceName)  
        {

            JsonObject reJson = new JsonObject();
            try
            {
                if (SendDate == "")
                {
                    SendDate = "{}";
                }
                byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(SendDate);
                HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(InterfaceName);
                request.Method = "POST";
                //request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
                //request.Accept = "text/plain";
                request.ContentType = "application/json";
                request.Accept = "application/json";
                request.ContentLength = bytes.Length;
                Stream reqstream = request.GetRequestStream();
                reqstream.Write(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);

                //声明一个HttpWebRequest请求  
                request.Timeout = 60000;
                //设置连接超时时间  
                request.Headers.Set("Pragma", "no-cache");
                HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
                Stream streamReceive = response.GetResponseStream();
                Encoding encoding = Encoding.UTF8;

               StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(streamReceive, encoding);
               string strResult = streamReader.ReadToEnd();
               streamReceive.Dispose();
               streamReader.Dispose();
               JObject JsonResult= JObject.Parse(strResult);
               int isSuccess = JsonResult["result"].Value<int>();
               string Result = JsonResult["message"].Value<string>();
               //JArray jar = JArray.Parse(JsonResult["Data"].ToString());
               reJson.isSuccess = isSuccess;
               reJson.Result = Result;
               reJson.Data = JsonResult["data"];

             
                return reJson;
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                throw ex;
            }
        }




        /// <summary>
        /// 发送jason到服务器
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="SendDate"></param>
        /// <param name="InterfaceName"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static JsonObject GetResponseDataByGet(string InterfaceName)
        {

            JsonObject reJson = new JsonObject();
            try
            {
               
               // byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(SendDate);
                HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(InterfaceName);
                request.Method = "GET";

                //request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
                //request.Accept = "text/plain";
                //request.ContentType = "application/json";
                //request.Accept = "application/json";
                //request.ContentLength = bytes.Length;
                //Stream reqstream = request.GetRequestStream();
              //  reqstream.Write(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);

                //声明一个HttpWebRequest请求  
                request.Timeout = 60000;
                //设置连接超时时间  
                request.Headers.Set("Pragma", "no-cache");
                HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
                Stream streamReceive = response.GetResponseStream();
                Encoding encoding = Encoding.UTF8;

                StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(streamReceive, encoding);
                string strResult = streamReader.ReadToEnd();
                streamReceive.Dispose();
                streamReader.Dispose();
                JObject JsonResult = JObject.Parse(strResult);
                int isSuccess = JsonResult["result"].Value<int>();
                string Result = JsonResult["message"].Value<string>();
                //JArray jar = JArray.Parse(JsonResult["Data"].ToString());
                reJson.isSuccess = isSuccess;
                reJson.Result = Result;
                reJson.Data = JsonResult["data"];


                return reJson;
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                throw ex;
            }
        }

    }
}

代码如下(JsonObject.cs):

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;

namespace JasonHelp
{
    public class JsonObject
    {

        private int _isSuccess = 0;
        private string _Result = "";
        //private JArray _Data = new JArray();
        public object _Data = new object();
        public JsonObject()
        {
            _isSuccess =0;
            _Result = "";
            _Data = null;
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// 是否成功
        /// </summary>
        public int isSuccess
        {
            set { _isSuccess = value; }
            get { return _isSuccess; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        ///结果
        /// </summary>
        public string Result
        {
            set { _Result = value; }
            get { return _Result; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        ///返回数据
        /// </summary>
        public object Data
        {
            set { _Data = value; }
            get { return _Data; }
        }


    }
}

       6. 在新建的测试按钮,添加点击事件。

代码如下(按钮事件):

        /// <summary>
        /// 调用API GetDateTime 按钮事件
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void btnGetTime_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            try
            {
                string strMessage = "";
                JsonObject reJson = new JsonObject();
                //后台地址
                string strInterFace = "http://localhost:3252/MyTestDemo/GetDateTime";
                reJson = HttpReuestUtility.GetResponseDataByGet(strInterFace);
                if (reJson != null)
                {
                    if (reJson.isSuccess == 1)//获取成功
                    {
                        strMessage = reJson.Result.ToString();
                        sb.AppendLine("结论:成功");
                        sb.AppendLine("结果:" + strMessage);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        strMessage = reJson.Result.ToString();
                        sb.AppendLine("结论:失败");
                        sb.AppendLine("结果:" + strMessage);
                    }

                }
                else
                {
                    strMessage = "和结果判定服务器通讯失败";
                    sb.AppendLine("结论:失败");
                    sb.AppendLine("结果:" + strMessage);
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
            }
            finally {
                this.richMessage.Text = sb.ToString();
            }
        }

步骤三:效果展示

  1. 先运行后台端服务

      2.运行winform桌面程序后,点击调用API。


三、总结

以上就是今天要讲的内容,本文仅仅通过一个简单Demo,介绍了winform桌面程序如何调用后台API接口,方便大家参考使用。

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