- package com.bijian.study;
- import java.io.BufferedReader;
- import java.io.DataOutputStream;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.InputStreamReader;
- import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
- import java.net.URL;
- import java.net.URLEncoder;
- public class PostRequest {
- public static final String GET_URL = "http://localhost:8080/SpringMVC/greeting";
- public static final String POST_URL = "http://localhost:8080/SpringMVC/greeting";
- public static void readContentFromGet() throws IOException {
- // 拼凑get请求的URL字串,使用URLEncoder.encode对特殊和不可见字符进行编码
- String getURL = GET_URL + "?name=" + URLEncoder.encode("zhangshan", "utf-8");
- URL getUrl = new URL(getURL);
- // 根据拼凑的URL,打开连接,URL.openConnection函数会根据URL的类型,
- // 返回不同的URLConnection子类的对象,这里URL是一个http,因此实际返回的是HttpURLConnection
- HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) getUrl.openConnection();
- // 进行连接,但是实际上get request要在下一句的connection.getInputStream()函数中才会真正发到服务器
- connection.connect();
- // 取得输入流,并使用Reader读取
- BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream(), "utf-8"));// 设置编码,否则中文乱码
- System.out.println("=============================");
- System.out.println("Contents of get request");
- System.out.println("=============================");
- String lines;
- while ((lines = reader.readLine()) != null) {
- // lines = new String(lines.getBytes(), "utf-8");
- System.out.println(lines);
- }
- reader.close();
- // 断开连接
- connection.disconnect();
- System.out.println("=============================");
- System.out.println("Contents of get request ends");
- System.out.println("=============================");
- }
- public static void readContentFromPost() throws IOException {
- // Post请求的url,与get不同的是不需要带参数
- URL postUrl = new URL(POST_URL);
- // 打开连接
- HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) postUrl.openConnection();
- // Output to the connection. Default is false, set to true because post method must write something to the connection
- // 设置是否向connection输出,因为这个是post请求,参数要放在http正文内,因此需要设为true
- connection.setDoOutput(true);
- // Read from the connection. Default is true.
- connection.setDoInput(true);
- // Set the post method. Default is GET
- connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
- // Post cannot use caches
- // Post 请求不能使用缓存
- connection.setUseCaches(false);
- // This method takes effects to every instances of this class.URLConnection.setFollowRedirects是static函数,作用于所有的URLConnection对象。
- // connection.setFollowRedirects(true);
- // This methods only takes effacts to this instance.URLConnection.setInstanceFollowRedirects是成员函数,仅作用于当前函数
- connection.setInstanceFollowRedirects(true);
- // Set the content type to urlencoded,because we will write some URL-encoded content to the connection. Settings above must be set before connect!
- // 配置本次连接的Content-type,配置为application/x-www-form-urlencoded的意思是正文是urlencoded编码过的form参数,下面我们可以看到我们对正文内容使用URLEncoder.encode进行编码
- connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
- // 连接,从postUrl.openConnection()至此的配置必须要在connect之前完成,
- // 要注意的是connection.getOutputStream会隐含的进行connect。
- connection.connect();
- DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(connection.getOutputStream());
- // The URL-encoded contend
- // 正文,正文内容其实跟get的URL中'?'后的参数字符串一致
- String content = "name=" + URLEncoder.encode("张三", "utf-8");
- // DataOutputStream.writeBytes将字符串中的16位的unicode字符以8位的字符形式写道流里面
- out.writeBytes(content);
- out.flush();
- out.close();// flush and close
- BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream(), "utf-8"));// 设置编码,否则中文乱码
- String line = "";
- System.out.println("=============================");
- System.out.println("Contents of post request");
- System.out.println("=============================");
- while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
- // line = new String(line.getBytes(), "utf-8");
- System.out.println(line);
- }
- System.out.println("=============================");
- System.out.println("Contents of post request ends");
- System.out.println("=============================");
- reader.close();
- connection.disconnect();
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- try {
- readContentFromGet();
- readContentFromPost();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
运行结果:
- =============================
- Contents of get request
- =============================
- <!DOCTYPE html>
- <html>
- <head>
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
- <title>Hello</title>
- </head>
- <body>
- 你好,zhangshan
- </body>
- </html>
- =============================
- Contents of get request ends
- =============================
- =============================
- Contents of post request
- =============================
- <!DOCTYPE html>
- <html>
- <head>
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
- <title>Hello</title>
- </head>
- <body>
- 你好,张三
- </body>
- </html>
- =============================
- Contents of post request ends
- =============================
注意:通过BufferedReader 读取远程返回的数据时,必须设置读取编码,否则中文会乱码!
HttpURLConnection.connect函数,实际上只是建立了一个与服务器的tcp连接,并没有实际发送http请求。无论是post还是get,http请求实际上直到HttpURLConnection.getInputStream()这个函数里面才正式发送出去。
在readContentFromPost() 中,顺序是重中之重,对connection对象的一切配置(那一堆set函数)都必须要在connect()函数执行之前完成。而对 outputStream的写操作,又必须要在inputStream的读操作之前。这些顺序实际上是由http请求的格式决定的。
http 请求实际上由两部分组成,一个是http头,所有关于此次http请求的配置都在http头里面定义,一个是正文content,在connect()函数里面,会根据HttpURLConnection对象的配置值生成http头,因此在调用connect函数之前,就必须把所有的配置准备好。
紧接着http头的是http请求的正文,正文的内容通过outputStream写入,实际上outputStream不是一个网络流,充其量是个字符串流,往里面写入的东西不会立即发送到网络,而是在流关闭后,根据输入的内容生成http正文。
至此,http请求的东西已经准备就绪。在getInputStream()函数调用的时候,就会把准备好的http请求正式发送到服务器了,然后返回一个输入流,用于读取服务器对于此次http请求的返回信息。由于http请求在getInputStream的时候已经发送出去了(包括http头和正文),因此在getInputStream()函数之后对connection对象进行设置(对http头的信息进行修改)或者写入 outputStream(对正文进行修改)都是没有意义的了,执行这些操作会导致异常的发生。