Oracle DB 增量备份和差异备份

完全备份:备份系统中的所有数据.

差量备份:只备份上次完全备份以后有变化的数据(他针对的上次的完全备份,他备份过程中不清除存档属性)

增量备份:只备份上次备份以后有变化的数据.(他才不管是那种类型的备份,有变化的数据就备份,他会清除存档属性)

一、Differential backup-- 差异备份

优点

Ø  提供多个恢复点

Ø  仅需要基础归档即可完成恢复

缺点

Ø  归档大小持续增长

Ø  数据重复（下一个归档包含之前的所有变化）

官方原文

Differentialbackups copy those files that have been changed since the last full backup tookplace. So if a full backup was done on Day 1, Day 2's differential will copy allof the files that have changed since Day 1's backup copied everything. Day 3'sdifferential backup will also copy all of the files that have changed since Day1's full copy was made.

差异备份拷贝那些自上一次完全备份后发生改变的文件，所以如果第一天做了完全备份，第二天的差异备份将会拷贝那些第一天完全备份后发生改变的文件，第三天的差异备份同样会拷贝那些第一天完全备份后发生改变的文件。

Thekey advantage of differential backups comes when data needs to be restored.Because a full backup was taken and the differentials copied everything thatsubsequently changed, only the full backup and the latest differential need tobe restored.

差异备份的优势是当数据需要还原时，因为已经做了完全备份和之后的改变，只需要完全备份及最新的差异备份即可去做还原。

Themain disadvantage is that the size of the differential copy increases each timea backup is taken until the next full version is made, which can begin toimpinge on backup window duration.

差异备份的缺点是备份文件的大小会随着备份次数的增加而增加，直到下一次完全备份。

二、Incremental backupx --增量备份

优点

Ø  提供多个恢复点

Ø  每个恢复点归档大小不会持续增长，因为归档仅包含上次备份以来的变化

缺点

Ø  要求完整备份和整个增量备份链才可以恢复到的一个合适的点。

官方原文

Incremental backupscopy all of the files that have changed since the last backup was made. They dothis whether the last backup was a full one or an incremental copy. So if afull backup was done on Day 1, Day 2's incremental will back up all of thefiles that have changed since Day 1. Likewise, Day 3's incremental backup willonly copy those files that have changed since Day 2's incremental took place.

增量备份拷贝上一次备份结束（完全备份、增量备份、差异备份）后发生改变的文件，而和上一次是否为完全备份或增量备份无关。所以如果第一天做了完全备份，第二天的增量备份将会备份那些第一天后发生改变的文件，第三天的增量备份将拷贝第二天备份后发生改变的文件。

The main advantageto incremental backups is that fewer files are copied in the period betweenfull backups, which means you will get a shorter backup window. The maindisadvantage is that when you want to carry out a complete restore, the mostrecent full backup and all of the subsequent incremental copies must berestored. This can make the restore process a lengthier one than when using afull backup plus the most recent differential copies only.

增量备份的优点是在完全备份中间拷贝更少的文件，这意味着你将得到较短的备份窗口。其主要缺点是如果你要执行完全还原，最近的完全备份及所有的增量备份必须被还原，这样比差异备份还原过程更长一些。