定义
给定一个语言,定义它的文法(语法)的一种表示,并定义一个解释器,这个解释器使用该表示来解释语言中的句子。
为了解释一种语言,而为语言创建的解释器
类型
行为型
使用场景
在某个特定类型问题发生频率足够高时
优点:
语法由很多类表示,容易改变及扩展此“语言”
缺点:
当语法规则数目太多时,增加了系统复杂性
相关涉及模式:
解释器模式和适配器模式
coding
public interface Interpreter {
int interpret();
}
public class AddInterpreter implements Interpreter {
private Interpreter firstExpression,secondExpression;
public AddInterpreter(Interpreter firstExpression, Interpreter secondExpression) {
this.firstExpression = firstExpression;
this.secondExpression = secondExpression;
}
@Override
public int interpret() {
return this.firstExpression.interpret() + this.secondExpression.interpret();
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "+";
}
}
public class MultiInterpreter implements Interpreter {
private Interpreter firstExpression,secondExpression;
public MultiInterpreter(Interpreter firstExpression, Interpreter secondExpression) {
this.firstExpression = firstExpression;
this.secondExpression = secondExpression;
}
@Override
public int interpret() {
return this.firstExpression.interpret() * this.secondExpression.interpret();
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "*";
}
}
public class NumberInterpreter implements Interpreter {
private int number;
public NumberInterpreter(int number) {
this.number = number;
}
public NumberInterpreter(String number) {
this.number = Integer.parseInt(number);
}
@Override
public int interpret() {
return this.number;
}
}
public class OperatorUtil {
public static boolean isOperator(String symbol) {
return (symbol.equals("+") || symbol.equals("*"));
}
public static Interpreter getExpressionObject(Interpreter firstExpression, Interpreter secondExpression, String symbol){
if (symbol.equals("+")) {
return new AddInterpreter(firstExpression, secondExpression);
} else if (symbol.equals("*")) {
return new MultiInterpreter(firstExpression, secondExpression);
}
return null;
}
}
import java.util.Stack;
public class GeelyExpressionParser {
private Stack<Interpreter> stack = new Stack<>();
public int parse(String str){
String[] strIntemArray = str.split(" ");
for (String symbol : strIntemArray) {
if (!OperatorUtil.isOperator(symbol)) {
NumberInterpreter numberInterpreter = new NumberInterpreter(symbol);
stack.push(numberInterpreter);
System.out.println(String.format("入栈: %d", numberInterpreter.interpret()));
} else {
Interpreter firstExpression = stack.pop();
Interpreter secondExpression = stack.pop();
System.out.println(String.format("出栈: %d 和 %d", firstExpression.interpret(), secondExpression.interpret()));
Interpreter operator = OperatorUtil.getExpressionObject(firstExpression, secondExpression, symbol);
int result = operator.interpret();
NumberInterpreter resultInterpreter = new NumberInterpreter(result);
stack.push(resultInterpreter);
System.out.println(String.format("阶段结果入栈:%d", resultInterpreter.interpret()));
}
}
int result = stack.pop().interpret();
return result;
}
}
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String geelyInputStr = "6 100 11 + *";
GeelyExpressionParser expressionParser = new GeelyExpressionParser();
int result = expressionParser.parse(geelyInputStr);
System.out.println("解释器计算结果:" + result);
}
}
源码中的使用
1、java.util.Pattern
2、Spring的el表达式,eg:
import org.springframework.expression.Expression;
import org.springframework.expression.ExpressionParser;
import org.springframework.expression.spel.standard.SpelExpressionParser;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExpressionParser parser = new SpelExpressionParser();
Expression expression = parser.parseExpression("100 * 2 + 400 * 1 + 66");
Integer result = (Integer)expression.getValue();
System.out.println(result);
}
}