C——通讯录实例

C语言的学习即将告一段落，上周老师让我们应用链表来编写一个通讯录小项目，因为当时尚未学习文件操作的有关内容因此无法实现信息的保存，现在我们需要在原有的基础上进行修改实现文件的保存与读取，但是，学过文件操作后依然对如何实现这一功能毫无头绪，因此在网上搜索了他人写的一些程序，作为参考。

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1         //消除scanf不安全的警告
#ifndef _CONTACT_H_                       
#define _CONTACT_H_
#define NAME_MAX 20
#define SEX_MAX 3
#define TEL_MAX 20
#define ADDER_MAX 30
#define PEOPLE_MAX 3


#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>


typedef struct people                   //定义通讯录保存的内容结构体
{
char name[NAME_MAX];
char sex[SEX_MAX];
int age;
char tel[TEL_MAX];
char adder[ADDER_MAX];
}people;


typedef struct contact                    //定义一个嵌套结构体。
{
int capacity;
people *human;
int count_p;
}Con, *Pcon;


void add_people(Pcon pcon);           //实现增加联系人功能
int find_people(Pcon pcon);          //实现查找联系人功能
void delete_people(Pcon pcon);       //实现删除联系人功能
void alter_people(Pcon pcon);        //实现修改联系人信息功能
void show_people(Pcon pcon);         //实现显示所有联系人功能
void clean_people(Pcon pcon);           // 实现清空联系人功能
void order_people(Pcon pcon);           //实现以名字对联系人进行排序功能。
void init(Pcon pcon);                    //初始化结构体
void menu();                          //实现菜单功能
void free_mem(Pcon pcon);
void save_to_file(Pcon pcon);         //将联系人信息保存至文件
void read_from_file(Pcon pcon);            //从文件中读取联系人信息
#endif




void init(Pcon pcon)   //对结构体进行初始化。
{
pcon->capacity = PEOPLE_MAX;


people *p = (people *)malloc((PEOPLE_MAX)*sizeof(people));


if (p == NULL)
{
printf("内存不足！");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
else
{
pcon->human = p;
}
memset(pcon->human, 0, (PEOPLE_MAX)* sizeof(people));
pcon->count_p = 0;


}


void free_mem(Pcon pcon)
{
free(pcon->human);
pcon->human = NULL;
}




//函数实现：




void menu()
{
printf("*******************欢迎使用通讯录2.0   ***************\n");
printf("                   1.添加联系人信息      \n");
printf("                   2.删除指定联系人信息  \n");
printf("                   3.查找指定联系人信息  \n");
printf("                   4.修改指:定联系人信息  \n");
printf("                   5.显示所有联系人信息  \n");
printf("                   6.清空所有联系人     \n");
printf("                   7.以名字排序所有联系人\n");
printf("                   8.退出\n");
printf("******************************************************\n");
}


void print(Pcon pcon, int i)        //打印联系人信息
{
printf("|  姓名  |  性别  |  年龄  |    电话    |      住址     | \n");
printf("|  %4s  |  %2s  |  %d  |  %6s  |  %6s  |\n", pcon->human[i].name, pcon->human[i].sex, pcon->human[i].age,
pcon->human[i].tel, pcon->human[i].adder);


}


void judge_full(Pcon pcon)   //判断当前联系人总数是否超过容量，若超过则增容
{
people *p = { 0 };
if (pcon->count_p == pcon->capacity)
{
p = (people *)realloc(pcon->human, (pcon->capacity + 3)*sizeof(people));
if (p == NULL)
{
printf("内存不足！");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
else
{
pcon->human = p;
pcon->capacity += 3;
}
}
}
void add_people(Pcon pcon)
{
judge_full(pcon);
printf("请输入添加联系人的姓名，性别，年龄，电话，住址：(可用空格符或回车符隔开)\n");
scanf("%s", pcon->human[pcon->count_p].name);
scanf("%s", pcon->human[pcon->count_p].sex);
scanf("%d", &pcon->human[pcon->count_p].age);
scanf("%s", pcon->human[pcon->count_p].tel);
scanf("%s", pcon->human[pcon->count_p].adder);
print(pcon, pcon->count_p);
(pcon->count_p)++;


printf("添加成功！\n");
}


int find_people(Pcon pcon)
{
char name[NAME_MAX];
int i = 0;
printf("请输入姓名：");
scanf("%s", name);
for (i = 0; i < pcon->count_p; i++)
{
if (strcmp(pcon->human[i].name, name) == 0)
{
print(pcon, i);
return i;                  //若输入的姓名与联系人中的一个姓名相符，则返回该联系人的位置
}
}
printf("不存在该联系人\n");
return -1;
}


void delete_people(Pcon pcon)
{
int i = 0;
int ret = find_people(pcon);
if (ret != -1)
{
for (i = ret; i < pcon->count_p; i++)
{
pcon->human[i] = pcon->human[i + 1];     //采用移位删除法删除。
}
pcon->count_p--;
printf("删除成功！\n");


}
else
printf("不存在该联系人！\n");


}


void alter_people(Pcon pcon)          //修改联系人信息
{
int ret = find_people(pcon);     //接收指定联系人位置
if (ret != -1)
{
printf("请重新输入该联系人信息：(用空格符或回车符隔开)\n");
scanf("%s", pcon->human[ret].name);
scanf("%s", pcon->human[ret].sex);
scanf("%d", &pcon->human[ret].age);
scanf("%s", pcon->human[ret].tel);
scanf("%s", pcon->human[ret].adder);
print(pcon, ret);
printf("修改成功！\n");


}
}


void show_people(Pcon pcon)
{
int i = 0;
printf("|  姓名  |  性别  |  年龄  |    电话    |      住址     | \n");


for (i = 0; i < pcon->count_p; i++)  //循环打印全部联系人
{
printf("|  %4s  |  %2s  |  %d  |  %6s  |  %6s  |\n", pcon->human[i].name, pcon->human[i].sex, pcon->human[i].age,
pcon->human[i].tel, pcon->human[i].adder);
}
}


void clean_people(Pcon pcon)         //将人数置成0，即清空联系人
{
pcon->count_p = 0;
printf("成功清空！");
}


void order_people(Pcon pcon)
{
int i = 0;
int j = 0;
for (i = 0; i < (pcon->count_p) - 1; i++)    //这里采用冒泡排序
{
for ( j = 0; j<(pcon->count_p) - 1 - i; j++)
{
int min = 0;
if (strcmp(pcon->human[j].name, pcon->human[j + 1].name)>0)
{
people temp = pcon->human[j];
pcon->human[j] = pcon->human[j + 1];
pcon->human[j + 1] = temp;


}
}
}
printf("排序完成\n");
show_people(pcon);
}




void read_from_file(Pcon pcon)   //从文件中读取联系人信息
{
int i = 0;
people tmp = { 0 };
FILE *pfread = fopen("cantact.dat", "r+");
if (pfread == NULL)
{
perror("open file for read");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
while (fread(&tmp, sizeof(people), 1, pfread))
{
judge_full(pcon);  //防止文件里的人数超过容量
pcon->human[i] = tmp;
i++;
pcon->count_p++;
}
fclose(pfread);
}


void save_to_file(Pcon pcon)      //将联系人信息保存至文件
{
int i = 0;
FILE *pfwrite = fopen("cantact.dat", "w+");
if (pfwrite == NULL)
{
perror("open file for write");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
for (i = 0; i < pcon->count_p; i++)
{
fwrite(&(pcon->human[i]), sizeof(people), 1, pfwrite);
}
fclose(pfwrite);
}


//主函数：


int main()
{
Con con;
init(&con);
int num = 0;
menu();
read_from_file(&con);
while (1)
{
printf("请输入你想执行的功能序号：");
scanf("%d", &num);
switch (num)
{
case 1:
add_people(&con);
break;
case 2:
delete_people(&con);
break;
case 3:
find_people(&con);
break;
case 4:
alter_people(&con);
break;
case 5:
show_people(&con);
break;
case 6:
clean_people(&con);
break;
case 7:
order_people(&con);
break;
case 8:
save_to_file(&con);


exit(0);
break;
default:
printf("指令输入错误！");
break;
}
}
free_mem(&con);
system("pause");
return 0;
}