一,File类
1,一般用于文件的信息获取,移动和删除操作,包含文件夹
public class FileMethods {
public static void main(String[] args) {
///文件信息
// File f=new File("D:\\chromeDownload\\男孩写作业透明底图.png");
//项目下的文件
File f=new File("demo/src/data.txt");
// File f=new File("D:/");
//获取绝对路径
System.out.println(f.getAbsolutePath());
//定义路径
System.out.println(f.getPath());
//获取文件名
System.out.println(f.getName());
//获取文件大小
System.out.println(f.length());
//获取文件最后修改时间
Long time=f.lastModified();
String format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd").format(time);
System.out.println(format);
//判断是否为文件
System.out.println(f.isFile());
//判断是否为文件夹
System.out.println(f.isDirectory());
///删除文件
try {
File f2=new File("demo/src/data1.txt");
System.out.println(f2.createNewFile());//不需要
f2.mkdir();//一级目录创建
f2.mkdirs();//多级目录创建
f2.delete();//删除文件,空文件夹,占用文件
}catch (Exception e){
}
//删除文件
private void removeFile(String filePath) {
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(filePath)) {
return;
}
File file = new File(filePath);
if (file.exists()) {
file.delete();
}
}
///文件遍历
File f3=new File("demo");
String[] list = f3.list();//list和 返回类型不同
File[] files = f3.listFiles();//调用者不存在,文件,返回null,空文件夹,0,
for(String name:list){
System.out.println(name); //获取一级文件目录
}
}
}
项目指定位置路径,文件相对路径设置
public static final String TEMP_PATH = System.getProperty("user.dir") + File.separator + "temp";
2,多级文件夹中查询指定文件(递归使用)
//多级文件夹中查询指定文件
public class FileSearch {
public static void main(String[] args) {
searchfile(new File("D:\\myfiles"), "learn");
}
public static void searchfile(File dir, String filename) {
if (dir != null && dir.isDirectory()) {
File[] files = dir.listFiles();
if (files != null && files.length > 0) {
for (File file : files) {
if (file.isFile()) {
if (file.getName().contains(filename)) {
System.out.println("找到了");
}
} else {
searchfile(file, filename);
}
}
}
} else {
System.out.println("找不到");
}
}
}
二,字符集
1,字符集
一种编码规则,可以将任何字符转换为十进制数值表示,十进制再转换为二进制
注意:英文和数字再任何国家都是只占用一个字节,编码与解码字符集必须一致,否则乱码
ASCII 美国编码,主要用于显示现代英语和其他西欧语言
GBK 中国编码,一个中文占用2个字节,兼容ASCII Unicode
万国码,包括世界所有国家的文字编码,兼容ASCII
2,编码-解码代码:
public class FileDecode {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String name="woai中国";
//编码
byte[] bytes=name.getBytes("GBK");
System.out.println(bytes.length);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(bytes));
//解码(默认utf-8)
String r1=new String(bytes);
System.out.println(r1);
String rs=new String(bytes,"GBK");
System.out.println(rs);
}
}
输出:
三,IO流
1,流类型:
字节(音频视频文件)
字符(适用文本文件)
四,字节流
1,方法定义
2,代码
文件内容:
代码1:
public class FileInputStream01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream("D:\\projectSaas\\ws-demo\\src\\data.txt");
int b1=fileInputStream.read();
System.out.println((char) b1);
int b2=fileInputStream.read();
System.out.println((char) b2);
}
}
输出:
代码2:
public class FileInputStream01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream("D:\\projectSaas\\ws-demo\\src\\data.txt");
// int b1=fileInputStream.read();
// System.out.println((char) b1);
//
// int b2=fileInputStream.read();
// System.out.println((char) b2);
int b;
while ((b=fileInputStream.read())!=-1){
System.out.println((char) b);
}
}
}
输出:
文件内容:
代码3:
public class FileInputStream01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
FileInputStream is = new FileInputStream("D:\\projectSaas\\ws-demo\\src\\data.txt");
byte[] buffer=new byte[3];
int b;
while ((b=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
String rs=new String(buffer);
System.out.println(rs);
}
}
}
输出:
四,文件拷贝
1,代码
public class FileInputStream01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
FileInputStream is = null;
FileOutputStream os = null;
//int a=1/0
try {
is = new FileInputStream("D:\\projectSaas\\ws-demo\\src\\data.txt");
os = new FileOutputStream("D:\\projectSaas\\ws-demo\\src\\data02.txt");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
os.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
System.out.println("复制完了!");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
if (is != null) {
is.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
if (os != null) {
os.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
五, 资源释放
1,基础做法
代码:
public class FileInputStream01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
FileInputStream is = null;
FileOutputStream os = null;
//int a=1/0
try {
is = new FileInputStream("D:\\projectSaas\\ws-demo\\src\\data.txt");
os = new FileOutputStream("D:\\projectSaas\\ws-demo\\src\\data02.txt");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
os.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
System.out.println("复制完了!");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
if (is != null) {
is.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
if (os != null) {
os.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
2,改进(推荐):
在finally模块中释放资源,代码过于冗余,所以可以使用jdk7来释放IO流
代码:
public class FileInputStream01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
try (
FileInputStream is = new FileInputStream("D:\\projectSaas\\ws-demo\\src\\data.txt");
FileOutputStream os = new FileOutputStream("D:\\projectSaas\\ws-demo\\src\\data02.txt");
MyConnect connect=new MyConnect();
) {
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
os.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
System.out.println("复制完了!");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
class MyConnect implements AutoCloseable{
@Override
public void close() throws IOException{
System.out.println("资源释放");
}
}
注意:这里有2个坑点
1,FileInputStream 其实已经实现了AutoCloseable接口,所以无需再次自己写一个实现接口,
但是这里需要注意的是,对于没有实现了AutoCloseable接口的类,还是需要自己写实现类并调用,
所以安全起见,还是写上为好,特殊情况另论。
MyConnect connect=new MyConnect(); //实现AutoCloseable接口的类可略此行代码
2,不要嵌套写
错误写法:
这样会导致FileInputStream流无法自动关闭,
从而导致在调用 file.delete() 方法的时候,删除文件失败,因为流未关闭,
导致文件处于占用状态,文件从而删除失败
try (OutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream();
//加载pdf附件到PDF流中
PDDocument document = PDDocument.load(new FileInputStream(file));
MyConnect connect = new MyConnect();
)
正确写法:
try (OutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream();
FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
//加载pdf附件到PDF流中
PDDocument document = PDDocument.load(fileInputStream);
MyConnect connect = new MyConnect();
)
六,字符流读取
1,示意图
2,代码
public class FileInputStream03 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Reader fr=new FileReader("D:\\projectSaas\\ws-demo\\src\\data.txt");
char[] buffer=new char[1024];
int len;
while ((len=fr.read(buffer))!=-1){
String rs=new String(buffer,0,len);
System.out.println(rs);
}
}
}
public class FileInputStream04 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Writer fw=new FileWriter("ws-demo\\src\\data.txt",true);
fw.write("123");
fw.write(97);
fw.write("我");
fw.write("\r\n");
fw.write("中国");
fw.write(100);
fw.write("她");
fw.flush();
fw.write("-----");
fw.write("我爱你,中国",0,5);
fw.close();
// fw.write("+++++");
}
}
输出: