SpringBoot系列——Thymeleaf模板

                   SpringBoot系列——Thymeleaf模板

thymeleaf是springboot官方推荐使用的java模板引擎,在springboot的参考指南里的第28.1.10 Template Engines中介绍并推荐使用thymeleaf,建议我们应该避免使用jsp,jsp的本质是一个java的servlet类,jsp引擎将jsp的内容编译成.class,"out.write"输出到response再响应到浏览器,虽然java是一次编译,到处运行,但也大大增加了服务器压力,而且jsp将后台java语言嵌入页面,还要放入服务容器才能打开,前后端不分离,严重增加了前端工程师的开发工作、效率。

官网:https://www.thymeleaf.org/index.html

教程:https://www.thymeleaf.org/doc/tutorials/3.0/usingthymeleaf.html#what-is-thymeleaf

 thymeleaf使用th属性赋予每个标签与后台交互的能力,当html文件在本地直接用浏览器打开,浏览器引擎会忽略掉th属性,并正常渲染页面,当把html文件放到服务容器访问,th属性与后台交互,获取数据替换原先的内容,这样前端工程师在编写html页面时,在本地开发,正常实现页面逻辑效果即可,数据先写死,当放到服务容器时数据从后台获取。

 spring对thymeleaf的配置,来自springboot参考手册,Common application properties:https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/2.1.0.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/#common-application-properties

 

 

# THYMELEAF (ThymeleafAutoConfiguration)
spring.thymeleaf.cache=true # Whether to enable template caching.
spring.thymeleaf.check-template=true # Whether to check that the template exists before rendering it.
spring.thymeleaf.check-template-location=true # Whether to check that the templates location exists.
spring.thymeleaf.enabled=true # Whether to enable Thymeleaf view resolution for Web frameworks.
spring.thymeleaf.enable-spring-el-compiler=false # Enable the SpringEL compiler in SpringEL expressions.
spring.thymeleaf.encoding=UTF-8 # Template files encoding.
spring.thymeleaf.excluded-view-names= # Comma-separated list of view names (patterns allowed) that should be excluded from resolution.
spring.thymeleaf.mode=HTML # Template mode to be applied to templates. See also Thymeleaf's TemplateMode enum.
spring.thymeleaf.prefix=classpath:/templates/ # Prefix that gets prepended to view names when building a URL.
spring.thymeleaf.reactive.chunked-mode-view-names= # Comma-separated list of view names (patterns allowed) that should be the only ones executed in CHUNKED mode when a max chunk size is set.
spring.thymeleaf.reactive.full-mode-view-names= # Comma-separated list of view names (patterns allowed) that should be executed in FULL mode even if a max chunk size is set.
spring.thymeleaf.reactive.max-chunk-size=0B # Maximum size of data buffers used for writing to the response.
spring.thymeleaf.reactive.media-types= # Media types supported by the view technology.
spring.thymeleaf.render-hidden-markers-before-checkboxes=false # Whether hidden form inputs acting as markers for checkboxes should be rendered before the checkbox element itself.
spring.thymeleaf.servlet.content-type=text/html # Content-Type value written to HTTP responses.
spring.thymeleaf.servlet.produce-partial-output-while-processing=true # Whether Thymeleaf should start writing partial output as soon as possible or buffer until template processing is finished.
spring.thymeleaf.suffix=.html # Suffix that gets appended to view names when building a URL.
spring.thymeleaf.template-resolver-order= # Order of the template resolver in the chain.
spring.thymeleaf.view-names= # Comma-separated list of view names (patterns allowed) that can be resolved.

使用

  maven引入依赖

<!--Thymeleaf模板依赖-->
<dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>

项目结构

  thymeleaf默认,页面跳转默认路径:src/main/resources/templates,静态资源默认路径:src/main/resources/static;

 yml配置文件

  我们也可以再配置文件中修改它:classpath:/view/

 controller页面跳转

 使用ModelAndView进行跳转,将数据add进去

 

    @RequestMapping("/login.do")
    public ModelAndView login(User user){
        Result result=userService.login(user);
        ModelAndView mv=new ModelAndView();
        mv.addObject("newText","你好,Thymeleaf!");
        mv.addObject("gender","1");
        mv.addObject("userList",result.getData());
        if(result.getData()!=null) {
            mv.addObject("loginUser",result.getData());
        }
        mv.setViewName("index.html");
        return mv;
    }

      html页面取值

  引入命名空间,避免校验错误<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">

<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--解决idea thymeleaf 表达式模板报红波浪线-->
<!--suppress ALL -->
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <title>srpingboot</title>
</head>
<body>
    <!-- 属性替换,其他属性同理 -->
    <h1 th:text="${newText}">Hello World</h1>
    <!--
        设置多个attr
        th:attr="id=${user.id},data-xxx=${user.xxx},data-yyy=${user.yyy}"

        片段的使用、传值和调用
        <div th:fragment="common(text1,text2)">
            ...
        </div>
        th:insert 是最简单的:它只是插入指定的片段作为其主机标签的主体。
        <div th:insert="base ::common(${text1},${text2})"></div>

        th:replace实际上用指定的片段替换它的主机标签。
        <div th:replace="base ::common(${text1},${text2})"></div>         三目表达式:     <h3 th:text="${loginUser != null} ? ${loginUser.username} : '请登录'"></h3> 
    -->

    <!-- if-else -->
    <h3 th:if="${loginUser} ne null" th:text="${loginUser.username}"></h3>
    <h3 th:unless="${loginUser} ne null">请登录</h3>

    <!-- switch -->
    <div th:switch="${gender}">
        <p th:case="'1'">男</p>
        <p th:case="'0'">女</p>
        <!-- th:case="*"  类似switch中的default -->
        <p th:case="*">其他</p>
    </div>

    <!--     each    其中,iterStat参数为状态变量,常用的属性有    index 迭代下标,从0开始    count 迭代下标,从1开始    size 迭代元素的总量    current 当前元素   -->
    <table>
        <thead>
            <tr>
                <th>id</th>
                <th>username</th>
                <th>password</th>
                <th>created</th>
                <th>description</th>
            </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
            <tr th:each="user,iterStat : ${userList}">
                <td th:text="${user.id}"></td>
                <td th:text="${user.username}"></td>
                <td th:text="${user.password}"></td>
                <td th:text="${user.created}"></td>
                <td th:text="${user.description}"></td>
            </tr>
        </tbody>
    </table>
</body>
<!-- 引入静态资源 -->
<script th:src="@{/js/jquery-1.9.1.min.js}" type="application/javascript"></script>
</html>

本地打开

服务容器打开,登录失败页面效果

服务容器打开,登录成功页面效果

 

标准表达式:

   简单表达
  变量表达式: ${...}
  选择变量表达式: *{...}
  消息表达式: #{...}
  链接网址表达式: @{...}
  片段表达式: ~{...}

  字面
  文本文字:'one text','Another one!',...
  号码文字:0,34,3.0,12.3,...
  布尔文字:true,false
  空字面: null
  文字标记:one,sometext,main,...
  文字操作:
  字符串连接: +
  文字替换: |The name is ${name}|

  算术运算
  二元运算符:+,-,*,/,%
  减号(一元运算符): -

  布尔运算
  二元运算符:and,or
  布尔否定(一元运算符): !,not

  比较和平等
  比较:>,<,>=,<=(gt,lt,ge,le)
  等值运算符:==,!=(eq,ne)

  条件运算符
  if-then: (if) ? (then)
  if-then-else: (if) ? (then) : (else)
  default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue)

  特殊特征符
  无操作: _

  所有这些功能都可以组合和嵌套,例:
  'User is of type ' + (user.isAdmin()?′Administrator′:({user.type} ?: 'Unknown'))

  官网表达式介绍:https://www.thymeleaf.org/doc/tutorials/3.0/usingthymeleaf.html#standard-expression-syntax

   参考网址:https://www.cnblogs.com/huanzi-qch/p/9930390.html

 

 

 

 

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