elf简介

最新推荐文章于 2022-08-23 16:47:47 发布

纵使微茫如烟

最新推荐文章于 2022-08-23 16:47:47 发布

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共享库的结构

##linux:

ELF, Executable and Linking Format, 是一种用于可执行文件、目标文件、共享库和核心转储的标准文件格式。 ELF格式是是UNIX系统实验室作为ABI（Application Binary Interface）而开发和发布的。

这里简单介绍一下相关历史:

UNIX: 最初采用的格式为a.out，之后被System V中的COFF取代，最后则被SVR4中的ELF格式所取代。
Windows: 采用的则是COFF格式的变种PE格式
MAC OS X: 采用的是Mach-O格式

ELF有四种不同的类型:

可重定位文件(Relocatable): 编译器和汇编器产生的.o文件，需要被Linker进一步处理
可执行文件(Executable): Have all relocation done and all symbol resolved except perhaps shared library symbols that must be resolved at run time
共享对象文件(Shared Object): 即动态库文件(.so)
核心转储文件(Core File):

TIP:

A single segment usually consist of several sections.
Relocatable files have Section header tables. Executable files have Program header tables. Shared object files have both
Sections are intended for further processing by a linker, while the segments are intended to be mapped into memory
只有ELF header是固定在文件的首部, 而Program header和Section header的位置则由ELF header指出

ELF数据表示: 六种数据类型(32-bit)

Name

Size

Alignment

Purpose

Elf32_Addr 4 4 Unsigned program address Elf32_Off 4 4 Unsigned file offset Elf32_Half 2 2 Unsigned medium interger Elf32_Word 4 4 unsigned interger Elf32_Sword 4 4 Signed interger unsigned char 1 1 Unsigned small interger

#define EI_NIDENT (16)
typedef struct
{
  unsigned char e_ident[EI_NIDENT];   /* Magic number and other info */
  Elf32_Half    e_type;               /* Object file type */
  Elf32_Half    e_machine;            /* Architecture */
  Elf32_Word    e_version;            /* Object file version */
  Elf32_Addr    e_entry;              /* Entry point virtual address */
  Elf32_Off     e_phoff;              /* Program header table file offset */
  Elf32_Off     e_shoff;              /* Section header table file offset */
  Elf32_Word    e_flags;              /* Processor-specific flags */
  Elf32_Half    e_ehsize;             /* ELF header size in bytes */
  Elf32_Half    e_phentsize;          /* Program header table entry size */
  Elf32_Half    e_phnum;              /* Program header table entry count */
  Elf32_Half    e_shentsize;          /* Section header table entry size */
  Elf32_Half    e_shnum;              /* Section header table entry count */
  Elf32_Half    e_shstrndx;           /* Section header string table index */
} Elf32_Ehdr;

		[root@VM_0_9_centos dynamic_lib_text]# ls
		add.c  add.h  add.o  add.s  a.out  libadd.so  main.c  test
		[root@VM_0_9_centos dynamic_lib_text]# readelf -h a.out 
		ELF Header:
		  Magic:   7f 45 4c 46 02 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 
		  Class:                             ELF64
		  Data:                              2's complement, little endian
		  Version:                           1 (current)
		  OS/ABI:                            UNIX - System V
		  ABI Version:                       0
		  Type:                              EXEC (Executable file)
		  Machine:                           Advanced Micro Devices X86-64
		  Version:                           0x1
		  Entry point address:               0x4008e0
		  Start of program headers:          64 (bytes into file)
		  Start of section headers:          7304 (bytes into file)
		  Flags:                             0x0
		  Size of this header:               64 (bytes)
		  Size of program headers:           56 (bytes)
		  Number of program headers:         9
		  Size of section headers:           64 (bytes)
		  Number of section headers:         30
		  Section header string table index: 27
		[root@VM_0_9_centos dynamic_lib_text]#

typedef struct
{
  elf32_word    sh_name;        /* Section name (string tbl index) */
  elf32_word    sh_type;        /* Section type */
  elf32_word    sh_flags;       /* Section flags */
  elf32_addr    sh_addr;        /* Section virtual addr at execution */
  elf32_off     sh_offset;      /* Section file offset */
  elf32_word    sh_size;        /* Section size in bytes */
  elf32_word    sh_link;        /* Link to another section */
  elf32_word    sh_info;        /* Additional section information */
  elf32_word    sh_addralign;   /* Section alignment */
  elf32_word    sh_entsize;     /* Entry size if section holds table */
} elf32_shdr;

	[root@VM_0_9_centos dynamic_lib_text]# readelf -s a.out   
	
	Symbol table '.dynsym' contains 20 entries:
	   Num:    Value          Size Type    Bind   Vis      Ndx Name
	     0: 0000000000000000     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT  UND 
	     1: 0000000000000000     0 FUNC    GLOBAL DEFAULT  UND _ZNSolsEi@GLIBCXX_3.4 (2)
	     2: 0000000000000000     0 NOTYPE  WEAK   DEFAULT  UND __gmon_start__
	     3: 0000000000000000     0 NOTYPE  WEAK   DEFAULT  UND _Jv_RegisterClasses
	     4: 0000000000000000     0 FUNC    GLOBAL DEFAULT  UND _ZNSt8ios_base4InitC1Ev@GLIBCXX_3.4 (2)
	     5: 0000000000000000     0 FUNC    GLOBAL DEFAULT  UND __libc_start_main@GLIBC_2.2.5 (3)
	     6: 0000000000000000     0 FUNC    GLOBAL DEFAULT  UND __cxa_atexit@GLIBC_2.2.5 (3)
	     7: 0000000000000000     0 NOTYPE  WEAK   DEFAULT  UND _ITM_deregisterTMCloneTab
	     8: 0000000000000000     0 FUNC    GLOBAL DEFAULT  UND _ZStlsISt11char_traitsIcE@GLIBCXX_3.4 (2)
	     9: 0000000000000000     0 NOTYPE  WEAK   DEFAULT  UND _ITM_registerTMCloneTable
	    10: 0000000000000000     0 FUNC    GLOBAL DEFAULT  UND _Z3addii
	    11: 0000000000000000     0 FUNC    GLOBAL DEFAULT  UND _ZNSolsEPFRSoS_E@GLIBCXX_3.4 (2)
	    12: 0000000000601198     0 NOTYPE  GLOBAL DEFAULT   25 _end
	    13: 000000000060106c     0 NOTYPE  GLOBAL DEFAULT   24 _edata
	    14: 000000000060106c     0 NOTYPE  GLOBAL DEFAULT   25 __bss_start
	    15: 00000000004008d0     0 FUNC    GLOBAL DEFAULT  UND _ZSt4endlIcSt11char_trait@GLIBCXX_3.4 (2)
	    16: 0000000000400810     0 FUNC    GLOBAL DEFAULT   11 _init
	    17: 0000000000400ae4     0 FUNC    GLOBAL DEFAULT   14 _fini
	    18: 0000000000400890     0 FUNC    GLOBAL DEFAULT  UND _ZNSt8ios_base4InitD1Ev@GLIBCXX_3.4 (2)
	    19: 0000000000601080   272 OBJECT  GLOBAL DEFAULT   25 _ZSt4cout@GLIBCXX_3.4 (2)
	
	Symbol table '.symtab' contains 76 entries:
	   Num:    Value          Size Type    Bind   Vis      Ndx Name
	     0: 0000000000000000     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT  UND 
	     1: 0000000000400238     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    1 
	     2: 0000000000400254     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    2 
	     3: 0000000000400274     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    3 
	     4: 0000000000400298     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    4 
	     5: 00000000004002e0     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    5 
	     6: 00000000004004c0     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    6 
	     7: 0000000000400686     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    7 
	     8: 00000000004006b0     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    8 
	     9: 00000000004006f0     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT    9 
	    10: 0000000000400720     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT   10 
	    11: 0000000000400810     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT   11 
	    12: 0000000000400830     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT   12 
	    13: 00000000004008e0     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT   13 
	    14: 0000000000400ae4     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT   14 
	    15: 0000000000400af0     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT   15 
	    16: 0000000000400b1c     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT   16 
	    17: 0000000000400b60     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT   17 
	    18: 0000000000600db8     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT   18 
	    19: 0000000000600dc8     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT   19 
	    20: 0000000000600dd0     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT   20 
	    21: 0000000000600dd8     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT   21 
	    22: 0000000000600ff8     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT   22 
	    23: 0000000000601000     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT   23 
	    24: 0000000000601068     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT   24 
	    25: 0000000000601080     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT   25 
	    26: 0000000000000000     0 SECTION LOCAL  DEFAULT   26 
	    27: 0000000000000000     0 FILE    LOCAL  DEFAULT  ABS crtstuff.c
	    28: 0000000000600dd0     0 OBJECT  LOCAL  DEFAULT   20 __JCR_LIST__
	    29: 0000000000400910     0 FUNC    LOCAL  DEFAULT   13 deregister_tm_clones
	    30: 0000000000400940     0 FUNC    LOCAL  DEFAULT   13 register_tm_clones
	    31: 0000000000400980     0 FUNC    LOCAL  DEFAULT   13 __do_global_dtors_aux
	    32: 0000000000601190     1 OBJECT  LOCAL  DEFAULT   25 completed.6355
	    33: 0000000000600dc8     0 OBJECT  LOCAL  DEFAULT   19 __do_global_dtors_aux_fin
	    34: 00000000004009a0     0 FUNC    LOCAL  DEFAULT   13 frame_dummy
	    35: 0000000000600db8     0 OBJECT  LOCAL  DEFAULT   18 __frame_dummy_init_array_
	    36: 0000000000000000     0 FILE    LOCAL  DEFAULT  ABS main.c
	    37: 0000000000601191     1 OBJECT  LOCAL  DEFAULT   25 _ZStL8__ioinit
	    38: 0000000000400a17    61 FUNC    LOCAL  DEFAULT   13 _Z41__static_initializati
	    39: 0000000000400a54    21 FUNC    LOCAL  DEFAULT   13 _GLOBAL__sub_I_main
	    40: 0000000000000000     0 FILE    LOCAL  DEFAULT  ABS crtstuff.c
	    41: 0000000000400c90     0 OBJECT  LOCAL  DEFAULT   17 __FRAME_END__
	    42: 0000000000600dd0     0 OBJECT  LOCAL  DEFAULT   20 __JCR_END__
	    43: 0000000000000000     0 FILE    LOCAL  DEFAULT  ABS 
	    44: 0000000000601000     0 OBJECT  LOCAL  DEFAULT   23 _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_
	    45: 0000000000600dc8     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT   18 __init_array_end
	    46: 0000000000600db8     0 NOTYPE  LOCAL  DEFAULT   18 __init_array_start
	    47: 0000000000600dd8     0 OBJECT  LOCAL  DEFAULT   21 _DYNAMIC
	    48: 0000000000601068     0 NOTYPE  WEAK   DEFAULT   24 data_start
	    49: 0000000000000000     0 FUNC    GLOBAL DEFAULT  UND _ZNSolsEi@@GLIBCXX_3.4
	    50: 0000000000400ae0     2 FUNC    GLOBAL DEFAULT   13 __libc_csu_fini
	    51: 00000000004008e0     0 FUNC    GLOBAL DEFAULT   13 _start
	    52: 0000000000000000     0 NOTYPE  WEAK   DEFAULT  UND __gmon_start__
	    53: 0000000000000000     0 NOTYPE  WEAK   DEFAULT  UND _Jv_RegisterClasses
	    54: 0000000000400ae4     0 FUNC    GLOBAL DEFAULT   14 _fini
	    55: 0000000000000000     0 FUNC    GLOBAL DEFAULT  UND _ZNSt8ios_base4InitC1Ev@@
	    56: 0000000000000000     0 FUNC    GLOBAL DEFAULT  UND __libc_start_main@@GLIBC_
	    57: 0000000000000000     0 FUNC    GLOBAL DEFAULT  UND __cxa_atexit@@GLIBC_2.2.5
	    58: 0000000000400890     0 FUNC    GLOBAL DEFAULT  UND _ZNSt8ios_base4InitD1Ev@@
	    59: 0000000000000000     0 NOTYPE  WEAK   DEFAULT  UND _ITM_deregisterTMCloneTab
	    60: 0000000000000000     0 FUNC    GLOBAL DEFAULT  UND _ZStlsISt11char_traitsIcE
	    61: 0000000000400af0     4 OBJECT  GLOBAL DEFAULT   15 _IO_stdin_used
	    62: 0000000000000000     0 NOTYPE  WEAK   DEFAULT  UND _ITM_registerTMCloneTable
	    63: 0000000000601068     0 NOTYPE  GLOBAL DEFAULT   24 __data_start
	    64: 0000000000601070     0 OBJECT  GLOBAL HIDDEN    24 __TMC_END__
	    65: 0000000000601080   272 OBJECT  GLOBAL DEFAULT   25 _ZSt4cout@@GLIBCXX_3.4
	    66: 0000000000400af8     0 OBJECT  GLOBAL HIDDEN    15 __dso_handle
	    67: 0000000000400a70   101 FUNC    GLOBAL DEFAULT   13 __libc_csu_init
	    68: 000000000060106c     0 NOTYPE  GLOBAL DEFAULT   25 __bss_start
	    69: 0000000000000000     0 FUNC    GLOBAL DEFAULT  UND _Z3addii
	    70: 0000000000601198     0 NOTYPE  GLOBAL DEFAULT   25 _end
	    71: 0000000000000000     0 FUNC    GLOBAL DEFAULT  UND _ZNSolsEPFRSoS_E@@GLIBCXX
	    72: 00000000004008d0     0 FUNC    GLOBAL DEFAULT  UND _ZSt4endlIcSt11char_trait
	    73: 000000000060106c     0 NOTYPE  GLOBAL DEFAULT   24 _edata
	    74: 00000000004009cd    74 FUNC    GLOBAL DEFAULT   13 main
	    75: 0000000000400810     0 FUNC    GLOBAL DEFAULT   11 _init
	[root@VM_0_9_centos dynamic_lib_text]#

typedef struct
{
  Elf32_Word    p_type;        /* Segment type */
  Elf32_Off     p_offset;      /* Segment file offset */
  Elf32_Addr    p_vaddr;       /* Segment virtual address */
  Elf32_Addr    p_paddr;       /* Segment physical address */
  Elf32_Word    p_filesz;      /* Segment size in file */
  Elf32_Word    p_memsz;       /* Segment size in memory */
  Elf32_Word    p_flags;       /* Segment flags */
  Elf32_Word    p_align;       /* Segment alignment */
} Elf32_Phdr;


	[root@VM_0_9_centos dynamic_lib_text]# readelf -l a.out  
	
	Elf file type is EXEC (Executable file)
	Entry point 0x4008e0
	There are 9 program headers, starting at offset 64
	
	Program Headers:
	  Type           Offset             VirtAddr           PhysAddr
	                 FileSiz            MemSiz              Flags  Align
	  PHDR           0x0000000000000040 0x0000000000400040 0x0000000000400040
	                 0x00000000000001f8 0x00000000000001f8  R E    8
	  INTERP         0x0000000000000238 0x0000000000400238 0x0000000000400238
	                 0x000000000000001c 0x000000000000001c  R      1
	      [Requesting program interpreter: /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2]
	  LOAD           0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000400000 0x0000000000400000
	                 0x0000000000000c94 0x0000000000000c94  R E    200000
	  LOAD           0x0000000000000db8 0x0000000000600db8 0x0000000000600db8
	                 0x00000000000002b4 0x00000000000003e0  RW     200000
	  DYNAMIC        0x0000000000000dd8 0x0000000000600dd8 0x0000000000600dd8
	                 0x0000000000000220 0x0000000000000220  RW     8
	  NOTE           0x0000000000000254 0x0000000000400254 0x0000000000400254
	                 0x0000000000000044 0x0000000000000044  R      4
	  GNU_EH_FRAME   0x0000000000000b1c 0x0000000000400b1c 0x0000000000400b1c
	                 0x0000000000000044 0x0000000000000044  R      4
	  GNU_STACK      0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000
	                 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000  RW     10
	  GNU_RELRO      0x0000000000000db8 0x0000000000600db8 0x0000000000600db8
	                 0x0000000000000248 0x0000000000000248  R      1
	
	 Section to Segment mapping:
	  Segment Sections...
	   00     
	   01     .interp 
	   02     .interp .note.ABI-tag .note.gnu.build-id .gnu.hash .dynsym .dynstr .gnu.version .gnu.version_r .rela.dyn .rela.plt .init .plt .text .fini .rodata .eh_frame_hdr .eh_frame 
	   03     .init_array .fini_array .jcr .dynamic .got .got.plt .data .bss 
	   04     .dynamic 
	   05     .note.ABI-tag .note.gnu.build-id 
	   06     .eh_frame_hdr 
	   07     
	   08     .init_array .fini_array .jcr .dynamic .got 
	[root@VM_0_9_centos dynamic_lib_text]#

纵使微茫如烟

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elf简介

共享库的结构/* RESET=============================================================================*/html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, ...
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