RabbitMQ（2）

最新推荐文章于 2023-12-31 20:21:22 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-12-31 20:21:22 发布

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在AMQP模型中，Exchange是接受生产者消息并将消息路由到消息队列的关键组件。ExchangeType和Binding决定了消息的路由规则。所以生产者想要发送消息，首先必须要声明一个Exchange和该Exchange对应的Binding。可以通过 ExchangeDeclare和BindingDeclare完成。在Rabbit MQ中，声明一个Exchange需要三个参数：ExchangeName，ExchangeType和Durable。ExchangeName是该Exchange的名字，该属性在创建Binding和生产者通过publish推送消息时需要指定。ExchangeType，指Exchange的类型，在RabbitMQ中，有三种类型的Exchange：direct ，fanout和topic，不同的Exchange会表现出不同路由行为。Durable是该Exchange的持久化属性，这个会在消息持久化章节讨论。声明一个Binding需要提供一个QueueName，ExchangeName和BindingKey。下面我们就分析一下不同的ExchangeType表现出的不同路由规则。

a) 如果是 Fanout 类型，则会将消息发送给所有与该 Exchange 定义过 Binding 的所有 Queues 中去，其实是一种广播行为。

b) 如果是Direct类型，则会将消息中的RoutingKey与该Exchange关联的所有Binding中的BindingKey进行比较，如果相等，则发送到该Binding对应的Queue中。

c)如果是Topic类型，则会按照正则表达式，对RoutingKey与BindingKey进行匹配，如果匹配成功，则发送到对应的Queue中。

一：Fanout

在上一篇说到的队列都指定了名称，但是现在我们不需要这么做，我们需要所有的日志信息，而不只是其中的一个。如果要做这样的队列，我们需要2件事，一个就是获取一个新的空的队列，这样我就需要创建一个随机名称的队列，最好让服务器帮我们做出选择，第一个就是我们断开用户的队列，应该自动进行删除。ok下面是一副工作图。

package common.rabbitMQ;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

public class EmitLog {
	private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "logs";

	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
		ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
		factory.setHost("localhost");
		Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
		Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

		channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "fanout");// fanout表示分发，所有的消费者得到同样的队列信息
		// 分发信息
		for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
			String message = "Hello World" + i;
			channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "", null, message.getBytes());
			System.out.println("EmitLog Sent '" + message + "'");
		}
		channel.close();
		connection.close();
	}
}

package common.rabbitMQ;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Consumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DefaultConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Envelope;

public class ReceiveLogs1 {
    private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "logs";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "fanout");

        //产生一个随机的队列名称
        String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
        channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, "");//对队列进行绑定

        System.out.println("ReceiveLogs1 Waiting for messages");
        Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
                System.out.println("ReceiveLogs1 Received '" + message + "'");
            }
        };
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);//队列会自动删除
    }
}

二：Direct

上面我用采用了广播的模式进行消息的发送，现在我们采用路由的方式对不同的消息进行过滤

发送端代码

package common.rabbitMQ;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

public class RoutingSendDirect {
    private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "direct_logs";
    // 路由关键字
    private static final String[] routingKeys = new String[]{"info" ,"warning", "error"};
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //声明交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME,"direct");//注意是direct
        //发送信息
        for (String routingKey:routingKeys){
            String message = "RoutingSendDirect Send the message level:" + routingKey;
            channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,routingKey,null,message.getBytes());
            System.out.println("RoutingSendDirect Send"+routingKey +"':'" + message);
        }
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

package common.rabbitMQ;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Consumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DefaultConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Envelope;

public class ReceiveLogsDirect1 {
	// 交换器名称
	private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "direct_logs";
	// 路由关键字
	private static final String[] routingKeys = new String[] { "info", "warning" };

	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
		ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
		factory.setHost("localhost");
		Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
		Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
		// 声明交换器
		channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "direct");
		// 获取匿名队列名称
		String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();

		// 根据路由关键字进行绑定
		for (String routingKey : routingKeys) {
			channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, routingKey);
			System.out.println("ReceiveLogsDirect1 exchange:" + EXCHANGE_NAME + "," + " queue:" + queueName
					+ ", BindRoutingKey:" + routingKey);
		}
		System.out.println("ReceiveLogsDirect1  Waiting for messages");
		Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
			@Override
			public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties,
					byte[] body) throws IOException {
				String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
				System.out.println("ReceiveLogsDirect1 Received '" + envelope.getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
			}
		};
		channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
	}
}

package common.rabbitMQ;

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;

import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Consumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DefaultConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Envelope;

public class ReceiveLogsDirect2 {
    // 交换器名称
    private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "direct_logs";
    // 路由关键字
    private static final String[] routingKeys = new String[]{"error"};

    public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //声明交换器
        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "direct");
        //获取匿名队列名称
        String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
        //根据路由关键字进行多重绑定
        for (String severity : routingKeys) {
            channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, severity);
            System.out.println("ReceiveLogsDirect2 exchange:"+EXCHANGE_NAME+", queue:"+queueName+", BindRoutingKey:" + severity);
        }
        System.out.println("ReceiveLogsDirect2 Waiting for messages");

        Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
                String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
                System.out.println("ReceiveLogsDirect2 Received '" + envelope.getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
            }
        };
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
    }
}

上面代码可以看出这里是通过路由来找个这个对列的。我们看下结果

RoutingSendDirect Sendinfo':'RoutingSendDirect Send the message level:info
RoutingSendDirect Sendwarning':'RoutingSendDirect Send the message level:warning
RoutingSendDirect Senderror':'RoutingSendDirect Send the message level:error

ReceiveLogsDirect1 exchange:direct_logs, queue:amq.gen-xYnnDxZjmZGbvV2CZi8CkQ, BindRoutingKey:info
ReceiveLogsDirect1 exchange:direct_logs, queue:amq.gen-xYnnDxZjmZGbvV2CZi8CkQ, BindRoutingKey:warning
ReceiveLogsDirect1  Waiting for messages
ReceiveLogsDirect1 Received 'info':'RoutingSendDirect Send the message level:info'
ReceiveLogsDirect1 Received 'warning':'RoutingSendDirect Send the message level:warning'

ReceiveLogsDirect2 exchange:direct_logs, queue:amq.gen-zPaGY_H3rCKMlVsSv2RowQ, BindRoutingKey:error
ReceiveLogsDirect2 Waiting for messages
ReceiveLogsDirect2 Received 'error':'RoutingSendDirect Send the message level:error'

三：Topic

这种应该属于模糊匹配

* ：可以替代一个词

#：可以替代0或者更多的词

现在我们继续看看代码来理解

package common.rabbitMQ;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

public class TopicSend {
    private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic_logs";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        Connection connection = null;
        Channel channel = null;
        try{
            ConnectionFactory factory=new ConnectionFactory();
            factory.setHost("localhost");
            connection=factory.newConnection();
            channel=connection.createChannel();

            //声明一个匹配模式的交换机
            channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME,"topic");
            //待发送的消息
            String[] routingKeys=new String[]{
                    "quick.orange.rabbit",
                    "lazy.orange.elephant",
                    "quick.orange.fox",
                    "lazy.brown.fox",
                    "quick.brown.fox",
                    "quick.orange.male.rabbit",
                    "lazy.orange.male.rabbit"
            };
            //发送消息
            for(String severity :routingKeys){
                String message = "From "+severity+" routingKey' s message!";
                channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, severity, null, message.getBytes());
                System.out.println("TopicSend Sent '" + severity + "':'" + message + "'");
            }
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
            if (connection!=null){
                channel.close();
                connection.close();
            }
        }finally {
            if (connection!=null){
                channel.close();
                connection.close();
            }
        }
    }
}

package common.rabbitMQ;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Consumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DefaultConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Envelope;

public class ReceiveLogsTopic1 {
    private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic_logs";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //声明一个匹配模式的交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "topic");
        String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
        //路由关键字
        String[] routingKeys = new String[]{"*.orange.*"};
        //绑定路由
        for (String routingKey : routingKeys) {
            channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, routingKey);
            System.out.println("ReceiveLogsTopic1 exchange:" + EXCHANGE_NAME + ", queue:" + queueName + ", BindRoutingKey:" + routingKey);
        }
        System.out.println("ReceiveLogsTopic1 Waiting for messages");

        Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
                System.out.println("ReceiveLogsTopic1 Received '" + envelope.getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
            }
        };
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
    }
}

package common.rabbitMQ;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Consumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DefaultConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Envelope;

public class ReceiveLogsTopic2 {
    private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic_logs";

    public static void main(String[] argv) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("localhost");
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//      声明一个匹配模式的交换器
        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "topic");
        String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
        // 路由关键字
        String[] routingKeys = new String[]{"*.*.rabbit", "lazy.#"};
//      绑定路由关键字
        for (String bindingKey : routingKeys) {
            channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, bindingKey);
            System.out.println("ReceiveLogsTopic2 exchange:"+EXCHANGE_NAME+", queue:"+queueName+", BindRoutingKey:" + bindingKey);
        }

        System.out.println("ReceiveLogsTopic2 Waiting for messages");

        Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws UnsupportedEncodingException  {
                String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
                System.out.println("ReceiveLogsTopic2 Received '" + envelope.getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
            }
        };
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
    }
}

看下结果：

TopicSend Sent 'quick.orange.rabbit':'From quick.orange.rabbit routingKey' s message!'
TopicSend Sent 'lazy.orange.elephant':'From lazy.orange.elephant routingKey' s message!'
TopicSend Sent 'quick.orange.fox':'From quick.orange.fox routingKey' s message!'
TopicSend Sent 'lazy.brown.fox':'From lazy.brown.fox routingKey' s message!'
TopicSend Sent 'quick.brown.fox':'From quick.brown.fox routingKey' s message!'
TopicSend Sent 'quick.orange.male.rabbit':'From quick.orange.male.rabbit routingKey' s message!'
TopicSend Sent 'lazy.orange.male.rabbit':'From lazy.orange.male.rabbit routingKey' s message!'

ReceiveLogsTopic1 exchange:topic_logs, queue:amq.gen-v_5leE4IrQ1NAb8cezJpBA, BindRoutingKey:*.orange.*
ReceiveLogsTopic1 Waiting for messages
ReceiveLogsTopic1 Received 'quick.orange.rabbit':'From quick.orange.rabbit routingKey' s message!'
ReceiveLogsTopic1 Received 'lazy.orange.elephant':'From lazy.orange.elephant routingKey' s message!'
ReceiveLogsTopic1 Received 'quick.orange.fox':'From quick.orange.fox routingKey' s message!'

ReceiveLogsTopic2 exchange:topic_logs, queue:amq.gen-9EC2ktkkUxRy9xBMBcYFkg, BindRoutingKey:*.*.rabbit
ReceiveLogsTopic2 exchange:topic_logs, queue:amq.gen-9EC2ktkkUxRy9xBMBcYFkg, BindRoutingKey:lazy.#
ReceiveLogsTopic2 Waiting for messages
ReceiveLogsTopic2 Received 'quick.orange.rabbit':'From quick.orange.rabbit routingKey' s message!'
ReceiveLogsTopic2 Received 'lazy.orange.elephant':'From lazy.orange.elephant routingKey' s message!'
ReceiveLogsTopic2 Received 'lazy.brown.fox':'From lazy.brown.fox routingKey' s message!'
ReceiveLogsTopic2 Received 'lazy.orange.male.rabbit':'From lazy.orange.male.rabbit routingKey' s message!'

Broker：简单来说就是消息队列服务器实体。
Exchange：消息交换机，它指定消息按什么规则，路由到哪个队列。
Queue：消息队列载体，每个消息都会被投入到一个或多个队列。
Binding：绑定，它的作用就是把exchange和queue按照路由规则绑定起来。
Routing Key：路由关键字，exchange根据这个关键字进行消息投递。
vhost：虚拟主机，一个broker里可以开设多个vhost，用作不同用户的权限分离。
producer：消息生产者，就是投递消息的程序。
consumer：消息消费者，就是接受消息的程序。
channel：消息通道，在客户端的每个连接里，可建立多个channel，每个channel代表一个会话任务。

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RabbitMQ（2）

在AMQP模型中，Exchange是接受生产者消息并将消息路由到消息队列的关键组件。ExchangeType和Binding决定了消息的路由规则。所以生产者想要发送消息，首先必须要声明一个Exchange和该Exchange对应的Binding。可以通过 ExchangeDeclare和BindingDeclare完成。在Rabbit MQ中，声明一个Exchange需要三个参数：Exchange...
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