在AMQP模型中,Exchange是接受生产者消息并将消息路由到消息队列的关键组件。ExchangeType和Binding决定了消息的路由规则。所以生产者想要发送消息,首先必须要声明一个Exchange和该Exchange对应的Binding。可以通过 ExchangeDeclare和BindingDeclare完成。在Rabbit MQ中,声明一个Exchange需要三个参数:ExchangeName,ExchangeType和Durable。ExchangeName是该Exchange的名字,该属性在创建Binding和生产者通过publish推送消息时需要指定。ExchangeType,指Exchange的类型,在RabbitMQ中,有三种类型的Exchange:direct ,fanout和topic,不同的Exchange会表现出不同路由行为。Durable是该Exchange的持久化属性,这个会在消息持久化章节讨论。声明一个Binding需要提供一个QueueName,ExchangeName和BindingKey。下面我们就分析一下不同的ExchangeType表现出的不同路由规则。
a) 如果是 Fanout 类型,则会将消息发送给所有与该 Exchange 定义过 Binding 的所有 Queues 中去,其实是一种广播行为。
b) 如果是Direct类型,则会将消息中的RoutingKey与该Exchange关联的所有Binding中的BindingKey进行比较,如果相等,则发送到该Binding对应的Queue中。
c)如果是Topic类型,则会按照正则表达式,对RoutingKey与BindingKey进行匹配,如果匹配成功,则发送到对应的Queue中。
一:Fanout
在上一篇说到的队列都指定了名称,但是现在我们不需要这么做,我们需要所有的日志信息,而不只是其中的一个。如果要做这样的队列,我们需要2件事,一个就是获取一个新的空的队列,这样我就需要创建一个随机名称的队列,最好让服务器帮我们做出选择,第一个就是我们断开用户的队列,应该自动进行删除。ok下面是一副工作图。
package common.rabbitMQ;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
public class EmitLog {
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "logs";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "fanout");// fanout表示分发,所有的消费者得到同样的队列信息
// 分发信息
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
String message = "Hello World" + i;
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "", null, message.getBytes());
System.out.println("EmitLog Sent '" + message + "'");
}
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
package common.rabbitMQ;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Consumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DefaultConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Envelope;
public class ReceiveLogs1 {
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "logs";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "fanout");
//产生一个随机的队列名称
String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, "");//对队列进行绑定
System.out.println("ReceiveLogs1 Waiting for messages");
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("ReceiveLogs1 Received '" + message + "'");
}
};
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);//队列会自动删除
}
}
二:Direct
上面我用采用了广播的模式进行消息的发送,现在我们采用路由的方式对不同的消息进行过滤
发送端代码
package common.rabbitMQ;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
public class RoutingSendDirect {
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "direct_logs";
// 路由关键字
private static final String[] routingKeys = new String[]{"info" ,"warning", "error"};
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明交换机
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME,"direct");//注意是direct
//发送信息
for (String routingKey:routingKeys){
String message = "RoutingSendDirect Send the message level:" + routingKey;
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,routingKey,null,message.getBytes());
System.out.println("RoutingSendDirect Send"+routingKey +"':'" + message);
}
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
package common.rabbitMQ;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Consumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DefaultConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Envelope;
public class ReceiveLogsDirect1 {
// 交换器名称
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "direct_logs";
// 路由关键字
private static final String[] routingKeys = new String[] { "info", "warning" };
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 声明交换器
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "direct");
// 获取匿名队列名称
String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
// 根据路由关键字进行绑定
for (String routingKey : routingKeys) {
channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, routingKey);
System.out.println("ReceiveLogsDirect1 exchange:" + EXCHANGE_NAME + "," + " queue:" + queueName
+ ", BindRoutingKey:" + routingKey);
}
System.out.println("ReceiveLogsDirect1 Waiting for messages");
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties,
byte[] body) throws IOException {
String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("ReceiveLogsDirect1 Received '" + envelope.getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
}
};
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
}
}
package common.rabbitMQ;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Consumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DefaultConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Envelope;
public class ReceiveLogsDirect2 {
// 交换器名称
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "direct_logs";
// 路由关键字
private static final String[] routingKeys = new String[]{"error"};
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明交换器
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "direct");
//获取匿名队列名称
String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
//根据路由关键字进行多重绑定
for (String severity : routingKeys) {
channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, severity);
System.out.println("ReceiveLogsDirect2 exchange:"+EXCHANGE_NAME+", queue:"+queueName+", BindRoutingKey:" + severity);
}
System.out.println("ReceiveLogsDirect2 Waiting for messages");
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("ReceiveLogsDirect2 Received '" + envelope.getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
}
};
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
}
}
上面代码可以看出这里是通过路由来找个这个对列的。我们看下结果
RoutingSendDirect Sendinfo':'RoutingSendDirect Send the message level:info
RoutingSendDirect Sendwarning':'RoutingSendDirect Send the message level:warning
RoutingSendDirect Senderror':'RoutingSendDirect Send the message level:error
ReceiveLogsDirect1 exchange:direct_logs, queue:amq.gen-xYnnDxZjmZGbvV2CZi8CkQ, BindRoutingKey:info
ReceiveLogsDirect1 exchange:direct_logs, queue:amq.gen-xYnnDxZjmZGbvV2CZi8CkQ, BindRoutingKey:warning
ReceiveLogsDirect1 Waiting for messages
ReceiveLogsDirect1 Received 'info':'RoutingSendDirect Send the message level:info'
ReceiveLogsDirect1 Received 'warning':'RoutingSendDirect Send the message level:warning'
ReceiveLogsDirect2 exchange:direct_logs, queue:amq.gen-zPaGY_H3rCKMlVsSv2RowQ, BindRoutingKey:error
ReceiveLogsDirect2 Waiting for messages
ReceiveLogsDirect2 Received 'error':'RoutingSendDirect Send the message level:error'
三:Topic
这种应该属于模糊匹配
* :可以替代一个词
#:可以替代0或者更多的词
现在我们继续看看代码来理解
package common.rabbitMQ;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
public class TopicSend {
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic_logs";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
Connection connection = null;
Channel channel = null;
try{
ConnectionFactory factory=new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
connection=factory.newConnection();
channel=connection.createChannel();
//声明一个匹配模式的交换机
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME,"topic");
//待发送的消息
String[] routingKeys=new String[]{
"quick.orange.rabbit",
"lazy.orange.elephant",
"quick.orange.fox",
"lazy.brown.fox",
"quick.brown.fox",
"quick.orange.male.rabbit",
"lazy.orange.male.rabbit"
};
//发送消息
for(String severity :routingKeys){
String message = "From "+severity+" routingKey' s message!";
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, severity, null, message.getBytes());
System.out.println("TopicSend Sent '" + severity + "':'" + message + "'");
}
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
if (connection!=null){
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}finally {
if (connection!=null){
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
}
}
package common.rabbitMQ;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Consumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DefaultConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Envelope;
public class ReceiveLogsTopic1 {
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic_logs";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
//声明一个匹配模式的交换机
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "topic");
String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
//路由关键字
String[] routingKeys = new String[]{"*.orange.*"};
//绑定路由
for (String routingKey : routingKeys) {
channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, routingKey);
System.out.println("ReceiveLogsTopic1 exchange:" + EXCHANGE_NAME + ", queue:" + queueName + ", BindRoutingKey:" + routingKey);
}
System.out.println("ReceiveLogsTopic1 Waiting for messages");
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("ReceiveLogsTopic1 Received '" + envelope.getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
}
};
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
}
}
package common.rabbitMQ;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Consumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DefaultConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Envelope;
public class ReceiveLogsTopic2 {
private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "topic_logs";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 声明一个匹配模式的交换器
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "topic");
String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
// 路由关键字
String[] routingKeys = new String[]{"*.*.rabbit", "lazy.#"};
// 绑定路由关键字
for (String bindingKey : routingKeys) {
channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, bindingKey);
System.out.println("ReceiveLogsTopic2 exchange:"+EXCHANGE_NAME+", queue:"+queueName+", BindRoutingKey:" + bindingKey);
}
System.out.println("ReceiveLogsTopic2 Waiting for messages");
Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("ReceiveLogsTopic2 Received '" + envelope.getRoutingKey() + "':'" + message + "'");
}
};
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);
}
}
看下结果 :
TopicSend Sent 'quick.orange.rabbit':'From quick.orange.rabbit routingKey' s message!'
TopicSend Sent 'lazy.orange.elephant':'From lazy.orange.elephant routingKey' s message!'
TopicSend Sent 'quick.orange.fox':'From quick.orange.fox routingKey' s message!'
TopicSend Sent 'lazy.brown.fox':'From lazy.brown.fox routingKey' s message!'
TopicSend Sent 'quick.brown.fox':'From quick.brown.fox routingKey' s message!'
TopicSend Sent 'quick.orange.male.rabbit':'From quick.orange.male.rabbit routingKey' s message!'
TopicSend Sent 'lazy.orange.male.rabbit':'From lazy.orange.male.rabbit routingKey' s message!'
ReceiveLogsTopic1 exchange:topic_logs, queue:amq.gen-v_5leE4IrQ1NAb8cezJpBA, BindRoutingKey:*.orange.*
ReceiveLogsTopic1 Waiting for messages
ReceiveLogsTopic1 Received 'quick.orange.rabbit':'From quick.orange.rabbit routingKey' s message!'
ReceiveLogsTopic1 Received 'lazy.orange.elephant':'From lazy.orange.elephant routingKey' s message!'
ReceiveLogsTopic1 Received 'quick.orange.fox':'From quick.orange.fox routingKey' s message!'
ReceiveLogsTopic2 exchange:topic_logs, queue:amq.gen-9EC2ktkkUxRy9xBMBcYFkg, BindRoutingKey:*.*.rabbit
ReceiveLogsTopic2 exchange:topic_logs, queue:amq.gen-9EC2ktkkUxRy9xBMBcYFkg, BindRoutingKey:lazy.#
ReceiveLogsTopic2 Waiting for messages
ReceiveLogsTopic2 Received 'quick.orange.rabbit':'From quick.orange.rabbit routingKey' s message!'
ReceiveLogsTopic2 Received 'lazy.orange.elephant':'From lazy.orange.elephant routingKey' s message!'
ReceiveLogsTopic2 Received 'lazy.brown.fox':'From lazy.brown.fox routingKey' s message!'
ReceiveLogsTopic2 Received 'lazy.orange.male.rabbit':'From lazy.orange.male.rabbit routingKey' s message!'
Broker:简单来说就是消息队列服务器实体。
Exchange:消息交换机,它指定消息按什么规则,路由到哪个队列。
Queue:消息队列载体,每个消息都会被投入到一个或多个队列。
Binding:绑定,它的作用就是把exchange和queue按照路由规则绑定起来。
Routing Key:路由关键字,exchange根据这个关键字进行消息投递。
vhost:虚拟主机,一个broker里可以开设多个vhost,用作不同用户的权限分离。
producer:消息生产者,就是投递消息的程序。
consumer:消息消费者,就是接受消息的程序。
channel:消息通道,在客户端的每个连接里,可建立多个channel,每个channel代表一个会话任务。