45 个值得收藏的 CSS 形状

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本文经 SegmentFault (公众号ID:segmentfault_sudo)授权转载,作者:前端小智

前言

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正文

CSS能够生成各种形状。正方形和矩形很容易,因为它们是 web 的自然形状。添加宽度和高度,就得到了所需的精确大小的矩形。添加边框半径,你就可以把这个形状变成圆形,足够多的边框半径,你就可以把这些矩形变成圆形和椭圆形。

我们还可以使用 CSS 伪元素中的 ::before::after,这为我们提供了向原始元素添加另外两个形状的可能性。通过巧妙地使用定位、转换和许多其他技巧,我们可以只用一个 HTML 元素在 CSS 中创建许多形状。

虽然我们现在大都使用字体图标或者svg图片,似乎使用 CSS 来做图标意义不是很大,但怎么实现这些图标用到的一些技巧及思路是很值得我们的学习。

1. 正方形

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#square {	
  width: 100px;	
  height: 100px;	
  background: red;	
}

2. 长方形

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#rectangle {	
  width: 200px;	
  height: 100px;	
  background: red;	
}

3. 圆形

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#circle {	
  width: 100px;	
  height: 100px;	
  background: red;	
  border-radius: 50%	
}

4. 椭圆形

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#oval {	
  width: 200px;	
  height: 100px;	
  background: red;	
  border-radius: 100px / 50px;	
}

5. 上三角

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#triangle-up {	
  width: 0;	
  height: 0;	
  border-left: 50px solid transparent;	
  border-right: 50px solid transparent;	
  border-bottom: 100px solid red;	
}

6. 下三角

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#triangle-down {	
  width: 0;	
  height: 0;	
  border-left: 50px solid transparent;	
  border-right: 50px solid transparent;	
  border-top: 100px solid red;	
}

7. 左三角

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#triangle-left {	
  width	
: 0;	
  height: 0;	
  border-top: 50px solid transparent;	
  border-right: 100px solid red;	
  border-bottom: 50px solid transparent;	
}

8. 右三角

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#triangle-right {	
  width: 0;	
  height: 0;	
  border-top: 50px solid transparent;	
  border-left: 100px solid red;	
  border-bottom: 50px solid transparent;	
}

9. 左上角

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#triangle-topleft {	
  width: 0;	
  height: 0;	
  border-top: 100px solid red;	
  border-right: 100px solid transparent;	
}

10. 右上角

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#triangle-topright {	
  width: 0;	
  height: 0;	
  border-top: 100px solid red;	
  border-left: 100px solid transparent;	
}

11. 左下角

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#triangle-bottomleft {	
  width: 0;	
  height: 0;	
  border-bottom: 100px solid red;	
  border-right: 100px solid transparent;	
}

12. 右下角

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#triangle-bottomright {	
  width: 0;	
  height: 0;	
  border-bottom: 100px solid red;	
  border-left: 100px solid transparent;	
}

13. 箭头

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#curvedarrow {	
  position: relative;	
  width: 0;	
  height: 0;	
  border-top: 9px solid transparent;	
  border-right: 9px solid red;	
  transform: rotate(10deg);	
}	
#curvedarrow:after {	
  content: "";	
  position: absolute;	
  border: 0 solid transparent;	
  border-top: 3px solid red;	
  border-radius: 20px 0 0 0;	
  top: -12px;	
  left: -9px;	
  width: 12px;	
  height: 12px;	
  transform: rotate(45deg);	
}

14. 梯形

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#trapezoid {	
  border-bottom: 100px solid red;	
  border-left: 25px solid transparent;	
  border-right: 25px solid transparent;	
  height: 0;	
  width: 100px;	
}

15. 平行四边形

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#parallelogram {	
  width: 150px;	
  height: 100px;	
  transform: skew(20deg);	
  background: red;	
}

16. 星星 (6角)

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#star-six {	
  width: 0;	
  height: 0;	
  border-left: 50px solid transparent;	
  border-right: 50px solid transparent;	
  border-bottom: 100px solid red;	
  position: relative;	
}	
#star-six:after {	
  width: 0;	
  height: 0;	
  border-left: 50px solid transparent;	
  border-right: 50px solid transparent;	
  border-top: 100px solid red;	
  position: absolute;	
  content: "";	
  top: 30px;	
  left: -50px;	
}

17. 星星 (5角)

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#star-five {	
  margin: 50px 0;	
  position: relative;	
  display: block;	
  color: red;	
  width: 0px;	
  height: 0px;	
  border-right: 100px solid transparent;	
  border-bottom: 70px solid red;	
  border-left: 100px solid transparent;	
  transform: rotate(35deg);	
}	
#star-five:before {	
  border-bottom: 80px solid red;	
  border-left: 30px solid transparent;	
  border-right: 30px solid transparent;	
  position: absolute;	
  height: 0;	
  width: 0;	
  top: -45px;	
  left: -65px;	
  display: block;	
  content: '';	
  transform: rotate(-35deg);	
}	
#star-five:after {	
  position: absolute;	
  display: block;	
  color: red;	
  top: 3px;	
  left: -105px;	
  width: 0px;	
  height: 0px;	
  border-right: 100px solid transparent;	
  border-bottom: 70px solid red;	
  border-left: 100px solid transparent;	
  transform: rotate(-70deg);	
  content: '';	
}

18. 五边形

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#pentagon {	
  position: relative;	
  width: 54px;	
  box-sizing: content-box;	
  border-width: 50px 18px 0;	
  border-style: solid;	
  border-color: red transparent;	
}	
#pentagon:before {	
  content: "";	
  position: absolute;	
  height: 0;	
  width: 0;	
  top: -85px;	
  left: -18px;	
  border-width: 0 45px 35px;	
  border-style: solid;	
  border-color: transparent transparent red;	
}

19. 六边形

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#hexagon {	
  width: 100px;	
  height: 55px;	
  background: red;	
  position: relative;	
}	
#hexagon:before {	
  content: "";	
  position: absolute;	
  top: -25px;	
  left: 0;	
  width: 0;	
  height: 0;	
  border-left: 50px solid transparent;	
  border-right: 50px solid transparent;	
  border-bottom: 25px solid red;	
}	
#hexagon:after {	
  content: "";	
  position: absolute;	
  bottom: -25px;	
  left: 0;	
  width: 0;	
  height: 0;	
  border-left: 50px solid transparent;	
  border-right: 50px solid transparent;	
  border-top: 25px solid red;	
}

20. 八边形

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#octagon {	
  width: 100px;	
  height: 100px;	
  background: red;	
  position: relative;	
}	
#octagon:before {	
  content: "";	
  width: 100px;	
  height: 0;	
  position: absolute;	
  top: 0;	
  left: 0;	
  border-bottom: 29px solid red;	
  border-left: 29px solid #eee;	
  border-right: 29px solid #eee;	
}	
#octagon:after {	
  content: "";	
  width: 100px;	
  height: 0;	
  position: absolute;	
  bottom: 0;	
  left: 0;	
  border-top: 29px solid red;	
  border-left: 29px solid #eee;	
  border-right: 29px solid #eee;	
}  

21. 爱心

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#heart {	
  position: relative;	
  width: 100px;	
  height: 90px;	
}	
#heart:before,	
#heart:after {	
  position: absolute;	
  content: "";	
  left: 50px;	
  top: 0;	
  width: 50px;	
  height: 80px;	
  background: red;	
  border-radius: 50px 50px 0 0;	
  transform: rotate(-45deg);	
  transform-origin: 0 100%;	
}	
#heart:after {	
  left: 0;	
  transform: rotate(45deg);	
  transform-origin: 100% 100%;	
}

22. 无穷大

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#infinity {	
  position: relative;	
  width: 212px;	
  height: 100px;	
  box-sizing: content-box;	
}	
#infinity:before,	
#infinity:after {	
  content: "";	
  box-sizing: content-box;	
  position: absolute;	
  top: 0;	
  left: 0;	
  width: 60px;	
  height: 60px;	
  border: 20px solid red;	
  border-radius: 50px 50px 0 50px;	
  transform: rotate(-45deg);	
}	
#infinity:after {	
  left: auto;	
  right: 0;	
  border-radius: 50px 50px 50px 0;	
  transform: rotate(45deg);	
}

23. 菱形

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#diamond {	
  width: 0;	
  height: 0;	
  border: 50px solid transparent;	
  border-bottom-color: red;	
  position: relative;	
  top: -50px;	
}	
#diamond:after {	
  content: '';	
  position: absolute;	
  left: -50px;	
  top: 50px;	
  width: 0;	
  height: 0;	
  border: 50px solid transparent;	
  border-top-color: red;	
}

24. 钻石

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#diamond-shield {	
  width: 0;	
  height: 0;	
  border: 50px solid transparent;	
  border-bottom: 20px solid red;	
  position: relative;	
  top: -50px;	
}	
#diamond-shield:after {	
  content: '';	
  position: absolute;	
  left: -50px;	
  top: 20px;	
  width: 0;	
  height: 0;	
  border: 50px solid transparent;	
  border-top: 70px solid red;	
}

25. 钻戒

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#diamond-narrow {	
  width: 0;	
  height: 0;	
  border: 50px solid transparent;	
  border-bottom: 70px solid red;	
  position: relative;	
  top: -50px;	
}	
#diamond-narrow:after {	
  content: '';	
  position: absolute;	
  left: -50px;	
  top: 70px;	
  width: 0;	
  height: 0;	
  border: 50px solid transparent;	
  border-top: 70px solid red;	
}

26. 钻石2

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#cut-diamond {	
  border-style: solid;	
  border-color: transparent transparent red transparent;	
  border-width: 0 25px 25px 25px;	
  height: 0;	
  width: 50px;	
  box-sizing: content-box;	
  position: relative;	
  margin: 20px 0 50px 0;	
}	
#cut-diamond:after {	
  content: "";	
  position: absolute;	
  top: 25px;	
  left: -25px;	
  width: 0;	
  height: 0;	
  border-style: solid;	
  border-color: red transparent transparent transparent;	
  border-width: 70px 50px 0 50px;	
}

27. 蛋蛋

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#egg {	
  display: block;	
  width: 126px;	
  height: 180px;	
  background-color: red;	
  border-radius: 50% 50% 50% 50% / 60% 60% 40% 40%;	
}

28. 吃豆人

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#pacman {	
  width: 0px;	
  height: 0px;	
  border-right: 60px solid transparent;	
  border-top: 60px solid red;	
  border-left: 60px solid red;	
  border-bottom: 60px solid red;	
  border-top-left-radius: 60px;	
  border-top-right-radius: 60px;	
  border-bottom-left-radius: 60px;	
  border-bottom-right-radius: 60px;	
}

29. 对话泡泡

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#talkbubble {	
  width: 120px;	
  height: 80px;	
  background: red;	
  position: relative;	
  -moz-border-radius: 10px;	
  -webkit-border-radius: 10px;	
  border-radius: 10px;	
}	
#talkbubble:before {	
  content: "";	
  position: absolute;	
  right: 100%;	
  top: 26px;	
  width: 0;	
  height: 0;	
  border-top: 13px solid transparent;	
  border-right: 26px solid red;	
  border-bottom: 13px solid transparent;	
}	

	

30. 12点 爆发

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#burst-12 {	
  background: red;	
  width: 80px;	
  height: 80px;	
  position: relative;	
  text-align: center;	
}	
#burst-12:before,	
#burst-12:after {	
  content: "";	
  position: absolute;	
  top: 0;	
  left: 0;	
  height: 80px;	
  width: 80px;	
  background: red;	
}	
#burst-12:before {	
  transform: rotate(30deg);	
}	
#burst-12:after {	
  transform: rotate(60deg);	
}

31. 8点 爆发

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#burst-8 {	
  background: red;	
  width: 80px;	
  height: 80px;	
  position: relative;	
  text-align: center;	
  transform: rotate(20deg);	
}	
#burst-8:before {	
  content: "";	
  position: absolute;	
  top: 0;	
  left: 0;	
  height: 80px;	
  width: 80px;	
  background: red;	
  transform: rotate(135deg);	
}

32. 太极

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#yin-yang {	
  width: 96px;	
  box-sizing: content-box;	
  height: 48px;	
  background: #eee;	
  border-color: red;	
  border-style: solid;	
  border-width: 2px 2px 50px 2px;	
  border-radius: 100%;	
  position: relative;	
}	
#yin-yang:before {	
  content: "";	
  position: absolute;	
  top: 50%;	
  left: 0;	
  background: #eee;	
  border: 18px solid red;	
  border-radius: 100%;	
  width: 12px;	
  height: 12px;	
  box-sizing: content-box;	
}	
#yin-yang:after {	
  content: "";	
  position: absolute;	
  top: 50%;	
  left: 50%;	
  background: red;	
  border: 18px solid #eee;	
  border-radius: 100%;	
  width: 12px;	
  height: 12px;	
  box-sizing: content-box;	
}  

33. 徽章丝带

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#badge-ribbon {	
  position: relative;	
  background: red;	
  height: 100px;	
  width: 100px;	
  border-radius: 50px;	
}	
#badge-ribbon:before,	
#badge-ribbon:after {	
  content: '';	
  position: absolute;	
  border-bottom: 70px solid red;	
  border-left: 40px solid transparent;	
  border-right: 40px solid transparent;	
  top: 70px;	
  left: -10px;	
  transform: rotate(-140deg);	
}	
#badge-ribbon:after {	
  left: auto;	
  right: -10px;	
  transform: rotate(140deg);	
}

34. 太空入侵者(电脑游戏名)

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#space-invader {	
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 1em red,	
  0 1em 0 1em red,	
  -2.5em 1.5em 0 .5em red,	
  2.5em 1.5em 0 .5em red,	
  -3em -3em 0 0 red,	
  3em -3em 0 0 red,	
  -2em -2em 0 0 red,	
  2em -2em 0 0 red,	
  -3em -1em 0 0 red,	
  -2em -1em 0 0 red,	
  2em -1em 0 0 red,	
  3em -1em 0 0 red,	
  -4em 0 0 0 red,	
  -3em 0 0 0 red,	
  3em 0 0 0 red,	
  4em 0 0 0 red,	
  -5em 1em 0 0 red,	
  -4em 1em 0 0 red,	
  4em 1em 0 0 red,	
  5em 1em 0 0 red,	
  -5em 2em 0 0 red,	
  5em 2em 0 0 red,	
  -5em 3em 0 0 red,	
  -3em 3em 0 0 red,	
  3em 3em 0 0 red,	
  5em 3em 0 0 red,	
  -2em 4em 0 0 red,	
  -1em 4em 0 0 red,	
  1em 4em 0 0 red,	
  2em 4em 0 0 red;	
  background: red;	
  width: 1em;	
  height: 1em;	
  overflow: hidden;	
  margin: 50px 0 70px 65px;	
}    	

35. 电视

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#tv {	
  position: relative;	
  width: 200px;	
  height: 150px;	
  margin: 20px 0;	
  background: red;	
  border-radius: 50% / 10%;	
  color: white;	
  text-align: center;	
  text-indent: .1em;	
}	
#tv:before {	
  content: '';	
  position: absolute;	
  top: 10%;	
  bottom: 10%;	
  right: -5%;	
  left: -5%;	
  background: inherit;	
  border-radius: 5% / 50%;	
}	
 

36. 雪佛龙

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#chevron {	
  position: relative;	
  text-align: center;	
  padding: 12px;	
  margin-bottom: 6px;	
  height: 60px;	
  width: 200px;	
}	
#chevron:before {	
  content: '';	
  position: absolute;	
  top: 0;	
  left: 0;	
  height: 100%;	
  width: 51%;	
  background: red;	
  transform: skew(0deg, 6deg);	
}	
#chevron:after {	
  content: '';	
  position: absolute;	
  top: 0;	
  right: 0;	
  height: 100%;	
  width: 50%;	
  background: red;	
  transform: skew(0deg, -6deg);	
}   

37. 放大镜

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#magnifying-glass {	
  font-size: 10em;	
  display: inline-block;	
  width: 0.4em;	
  box-sizing: content-box;	
  height: 0.4em;	
  border: 0.1em solid red;	
  position: relative;	
  border-radius: 0.35em;	
}	
#magnifying-glass:before {	
  content: "";	
  display: inline-block;	
  position: absolute;	
  right: -0.25em;	
  bottom: -0.1em;	
  border-width: 0;	
  background: red;	
  width: 0.35em;	
  height: 0.08em;	
  transform: rotate(45deg);	
}

38. Facebook图标

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#facebook-icon {	
  background: red;	
  text-indent: -999em;	
  width: 100px;	
  height: 110px;	
  box-sizing: content-box;	
  border-radius: 5px;	
  position: relative;	
  overflow: hidden;	
  border: 15px solid red;	
  border-bottom: 0;	
}	
#facebook-icon:before {	
  content: "/20";	
  position: absolute;	
  background: red;	
  width: 40px;	
  height: 90px;	
  bottom: -30px;	
  right: -37px;	
  border: 20px solid #eee;	
  border-radius: 25px;	
  box-sizing: content-box;	
}	
#facebook-icon:after {	
  content: "/20";	
  position: absolute;	
  width: 55px;	
  top: 50px;	
  height: 20px;	
  background: #eee;	
  right: 5px;	
  box-sizing: content-box;	
}

39. 月亮

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#moon {	
  width: 80px;	
  height: 80px;	
  border-radius: 50%;	
  box-shadow: 15px 15px 0 0 red;	
}  

40. 旗

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#flag {	
  width: 110px;	
  height: 56px;	
  box-sizing: content-box;	
  padding-top: 15px;	
  position: relative;	
  background: red;	
  color: white;	
  font-size: 11px;	
  letter-spacing: 0.2em;	
  text-align: center;	
  text-transform: uppercase;	
}	
#flag:after {	
  content: "";	
  position: absolute;	
  left: 0;	
  bottom: 0;	
  width: 0;	
  height: 0;	
  border-bottom: 13px solid #eee;	
  border-left: 55px solid transparent;	
  border-right: 55px solid transparent;	
}

41. 圆锥

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 #cone {	
  width: 0;	
  height: 0;	
  border-left: 70px solid transparent;	
  border-right: 70px solid transparent;	
  border-top: 100px solid red;	
  border-radius: 50%;	
}

42. 十字架

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#cross {	
  background: red;	
  height: 100px;	
  position: relative;	
  width: 20px;	
}	
#cross:after {	
  background: red;	
  content: "";	
  height: 20px;	
  left: -40px;	
  position: absolute;	
  top: 40px;	
  width: 100px;	
}

43. 根基

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#base {	
  background: red;	
  display: inline-block;	
  height: 55px;	
  margin-left: 20px;	
  margin-top: 55px;	
  position: relative;	
  width: 100px;	
}	
#base:before {	
  border-bottom: 35px solid red;	
  border-left: 50px solid transparent;	
  border-right: 50px solid transparent;	
  content: "";	
  height: 0;	
  left: 0;	
  position: absolute;	
  top: -35px;	
  width: 0;	
}

44. 指示器

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#pointer {	
  width: 200px;	
  height: 40px;	
  position: relative;	
  background: red;	
}	
#pointer:after {	
  content: "";	
  position: absolute;	
  left: 0;	
  bottom: 0;	
  width: 0;	
  height: 0;	
  border-left: 20px solid white;	
  border-top: 20px solid transparent;	
  border-bottom: 20px solid transparent;	
}	
#pointer:before {	
  content: "";	
  position: absolute;	
  right: -20px;	
  bottom: 0;	
  width: 0;	
  height: 0;	
  border-left: 20px solid red;	
  border-top: 20px solid transparent;	
  border-bottom: 20px solid transparent;	
}

45. 锁

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#lock {	
  font-size: 8px;	
  position: relative;	
  width: 18em;	
  height: 13em;	
  border-radius: 2em;	
  top: 10em;	
  box-sizing: border-box;	
  border: 3.5em solid red;	
  border-right-width: 7.5em;	
  border-left-width: 7.5em;	
  margin: 0 0 6rem 0;	
}	
#lock:before {	
  content: "";	
  box-sizing: border-box;	
  position: absolute;	
  border: 2.5em solid red;	
  width: 14em;	
  height: 12em;	
  left: 50%;	
  margin-left: -7em;	
  top: -12em;	
  border-top-left-radius: 7em;	
  border-top-right-radius: 7em;	
}	
#lock:after {	
  content: "";	
  box-sizing: border-box;	
  position: absolute;	
  border: 1em solid red;	
  width: 5em;	
  height: 8em;	
  border-radius: 2.5em;	
  left: 50%;	
  top: -1em;	
  margin-left: -2.5em;	
}

译文:segmentfault.com/a/1190000018922732原文:https://css-tricks.com/the-shapes-of-css/

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