大话设计模式08-状态模式-2020-9-24

1.状态模式简介

状态模式：当一个对象的内在状态允许改变其行为，这个对象看起来好像改变了其类。主要用于一个对象的状态转换很复杂时，即含有大量的if else 语句时，可以将状态判断逻辑转移到表示不同状态的类中。这样要增加新状态变化时，只需要新增子类和修改部分类，不同修改整个判断函数。UML类图如下：

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2.状态模式实例

书写员工一天工作状态类，工作状态状态和工作时长及任务完成情况有关。其类图如下：

c++实现的代码如下

#include<exception>
#include <iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
//8.状态模式：员工一日工作状态
class State;
class MorningState;
class NoonState;
class AfternoonState;
class EveningState;
class RestState;
class SleepingSate;

class Work
{
public:
	Work(){ m_pState = new MorningState; }
	~Work()
	{
		if (m_pState)
		{
			delete m_pState;
			m_pState = NULL;
		}
	}
	void printState()
	{
		m_pState->printState(*this);
	}
	void setState(State *ipState)
	{ 
		if (m_pState)
		{
			delete m_pState;
		}
		m_pState = ipState; 
	}
	void setHour(int iHour){ m_hour = iHour; };
	int getHour(){ return m_hour;}
	void setFinished(bool ibFinished){ m_isFinished = ibFinished; };
	bool getFinished(){ return m_isFinished; }
protected:
	int m_hour;
	bool m_isFinished;
	State* m_pState;
};

class State
{
public:
	~State(){};
	virtual void printState(Work w) = 0;
};

class  RestState :public State
{
public:
	void printState(Work w) override
	{
		cout << "当前时间：" << w.getHour() << " 任务干完了，下班了！" << endl;
	}
};

class  SleepingSate :public State
{
public:
	void printState(Work w) override
	{
		cout << "当前时间：" << w.getHour() << " 睡了睡了，累死了！" << endl;
	}
};

class  EveningState :public State
{
public:
	void printState(Work w) override
	{
		if (w.getFinished())
		{
			w.setState(new RestState);
			w.printState();
		}
		else if (w.getHour() < 21)
		{
			cout << "当前时间：" << w.getHour() << " 加班太累了！" << endl;
		}
		else
		{
			w.setState(new SleepingSate);
			w.printState();
		}
	}
};

class  AfternoonState :public State
{
public:
	void printState(Work w) override
	{
		if (w.getHour() < 17)
		{
			cout << "当前时间：" << w.getHour() << " 下午状态还不错，继续努力！" << endl;
		}
		else
		{
			w.setState(new EveningState);
			w.printState();
		}
	}
};

class NoonState :public State
{
public:
	void printState(Work w) override
	{
		if (w.getHour() < 13)
		{
			cout << "当前时间：" << w.getHour() << " 饿了，午饭：犯困，午休！" << endl;
		}
		else
		{
			w.setState(new AfternoonState);
			w.printState();
		}
	}
};

class MorningState :public State
{
public:
	void printState(Work w) override
	{
		if (w.getHour()<12)
		{
			cout << "当前时间：" << w.getHour() << " 精神百倍！" << endl;
		}
		else
		{
			w.setState(new NoonState);
			w.printState();
		}
	}
};



int main()
{
	Work *pw = new Work;
	pw->setHour(9);
	pw->printState();
	pw->setHour(10);
	pw->printState();
	pw->setHour(12);
	pw->printState();
	pw->setHour(13);
	pw->printState();
	pw->setHour(14);
	pw->printState();
	pw->setHour(17);
	pw->setFinished(false);
	pw->printState();
	pw->setHour(19);
	pw->printState();
	pw->setHour(22);
	pw->printState();
	delete pw;
	system("pause");
}

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3.总结

此时如果状态改变发生变动时，只需要修改一小部分类的实现即可，类似状态机模型。