ElasticSearch7学习之搜索API

概述

ES7的search api既可以在url中使用,也可以在请求体中使用

URI search

普通URI查询

指定字段中包含某值,比如以下查询表示检索movies文档中标题中包含2012的信息,其中profile为true表示显示查询怎么执行的:

GET /movies/_search?q=2012&df=title
{
  "profile": "true"
}

结果如下,最后的profile字段显示了查询过程的相关信息:

{
  "took" : 38,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 6,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 11.352903,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "movies",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "72378",
        "_score" : 11.352903,
        "_source" : {
          "genre" : [
            "Action",
            "Drama",
            "Sci-Fi",
            "Thriller"
          ],
          "year" : 2009,
          "title" : "2012",
          "@version" : "1",
          "id" : "72378"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "movies",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "80505",
        "_score" : 9.539693,
        "_source" : {
          "genre" : [
            "Action",
            "Sci-Fi"
          ],
          "year" : 2009,
          "title" : "2012: Supernova",
          "@version" : "1",
          "id" : "80505"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "movies",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "102848",
        "_score" : 9.539693,
        "_source" : {
          "genre" : [
            "Sci-Fi"
          ],
          "year" : 2012,
          "title" : "Armageddon 2012",
          "@version" : "1",
          "id" : "102848"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "movies",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "84017",
        "_score" : 7.2301807,
        "_source" : {
          "genre" : [
            "Animation",
            "Documentary"
          ],
          "year" : 2010,
          "title" : "2012: Time for Change",
          "@version" : "1",
          "id" : "84017"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "movies",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "105254",
        "_score" : 5.3040524,
        "_source" : {
          "genre" : [
            "Adventure",
            "Comedy"
          ],
          "year" : 2013,
          "title" : "Crystal Fairy & the Magical Cactus and 2012",
          "@version" : "1",
          "id" : "105254"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "movies",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "100444",
        "_score" : 3.9138498,
        "_source" : {
          "genre" : [
            "Comedy"
          ],
          "year" : 2012,
          "title" : "Rumble in the Air-Conditioned Auditorium: O'Reilly vs. Stewart 2012, The",
          "@version" : "1",
          "id" : "100444"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "profile" : {
    "shards" : [
      {
        "id" : "[JhcR-XkxT2uY3UubTpfZAQ][movies][0]",
        "searches" : [
          {
            "query" : [
              {
                "type" : "TermQuery",
                "description" : "title:2012",
                "time_in_nanos" : 1121411,
                "breakdown" : {
                  "set_min_competitive_score_count" : 0,
                  "match_count" : 0,
                  "shallow_advance_count" : 0,
                  "set_min_competitive_score" : 0,
                  "next_doc" : 45802,
                  "match" : 0,
                  "next_doc_count" : 9,
                  "score_count" : 6,
                  "compute_max_score_count" : 0,
                  "compute_max_score" : 0,
                  "advance" : 32544,
                  "advance_count" : 2,
                  "score" : 34714,
                  "build_scorer_count" : 4,
                  "create_weight" : 404150,
                  "shallow_advance" : 0,
                  "create_weight_count" : 1,
                  "build_scorer" : 604179
                }
              }
            ],
            "rewrite_time" : 10574,
            "collector" : [
              {
                "name" : "SimpleTopScoreDocCollector",
                "reason" : "search_top_hits",
                "time_in_nanos" : 136241
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "aggregations" : [ ]
      }
    ]
  }
}

如果不指定查询字段,就会在所有字段中匹配相关字符串:

GET /movies/_search?q=2012
{
  "profile": "true"
}

结果中会多出来一个这样的结果:

      {
        "_index" : "movies",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "91485",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "genre" : [
            "Action",
            "Adventure"
          ],
          "year" : 2012,
          "title" : "Expendables 2, The",
          "@version" : "1",
          "id" : "91485"
        }
      }

如果不在URL中加df参数,也可以用字段:的方式实现指定字段匹配:

GET /movies/_search?q=title:2012
{
  "profile": "true"
}

Phrase查询

GET /movies/_search?q=title:"Beautiful Mind"
{
  "profile": "true"
}

结果如下:

  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 1,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 13.790279,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "movies",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "4995",
        "_score" : 13.790279,
        "_source" : {
          "genre" : [
            "Drama",
            "Romance"
          ],
          "year" : 2001,
          "title" : "Beautiful Mind, A",
          "@version" : "1",
          "id" : "4995"
        }
      }
    ]
  }

term查询

把phrase查询里的""换成()就是泛查询(term查询):

GET /movies/_search?q=title:(Beautiful Mind)
{
  "profile": "true"
}

结果如下:

{
  "took" : 2,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 62,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 13.790279,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "movies",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "4995",
        "_score" : 13.790279,
        "_source" : {
          "genre" : [
            "Drama",
            "Romance"
          ],
          "year" : 2001,
          "title" : "Beautiful Mind, A",
          "@version" : "1",
          "id" : "4995"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "movies",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "47404",
        "_score" : 8.71145,
        "_source" : {
          "genre" : [
            "Adventure",
            "Animation",
            "Comedy",
            "Fantasy",
            "Romance",
            "Sci-Fi"
          ],
          "year" : 2004,
          "title" : "Mind Game",
          "@version" : "1",
          "id" : "47404"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "movies",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "3912",
        "_score" : 8.665281,
        "_source" : {
          "genre" : [
            "Comedy",
            "Drama"
          ],
          "year" : 2000,
          "title" : "Beautiful",
          "@version" : "1",
          "id" : "3912"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "movies",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "74064",
        "_score" : 8.665281,
        "_source" : {
          "genre" : [
            "Drama",
            "Thriller"
          ],
          "year" : 2009,
          "title" : "Beautiful",
          "@version" : "1",
          "id" : "74064"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "movies",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "3540",
        "_score" : 7.5117273,
        "_source" : {
          "genre" : [
            "Drama",
            "Mystery",
            "Romance"
          ],
          "year" : 2000,
          "title" : "Passion of Mind",
          "@version" : "1",
          "id" : "3540"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "movies",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "83222",
        "_score" : 7.5117273,
        "_source" : {
          "genre" : [
            "Crime",
            "Drama"
          ],
          "year" : 1985,
          "title" : "Trouble in Mind",
          "@version" : "1",
          "id" : "83222"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "movies",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "100591",
        "_score" : 7.5117273,
        "_source" : {
          "genre" : [
            "Drama",
            "Romance"
          ],
          "year" : 1933,
          "title" : "Mind Reader, The",
          "@version" : "1",
          "id" : "100591"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "movies",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "106202",
        "_score" : 7.5117273,
        "_source" : {
          "genre" : [
            "Documentary"
          ],
          "year" : 2012,
          "title" : "Free The Mind",
          "@version" : "1",
          "id" : "106202"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "movies",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "108248",
        "_score" : 7.5117273,
        "_source" : {
          "genre" : [
            "Documentary"
          ],
          "year" : 2013,
          "title" : "Into the Mind",
          "@version" : "1",
          "id" : "108248"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "movies",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "94",
        "_score" : 7.28132,
        "_source" : {
          "genre" : [
            "Comedy",
            "Drama",
            "Romance"
          ],
          "year" : 1996,
          "title" : "Beautiful Girls",
          "@version" : "1",
          "id" : "94"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "profile" : {
    "shards" : [
      {
        "id" : "[JhcR-XkxT2uY3UubTpfZAQ][movies][0]",
        "searches" : [
          {
            "query" : [
              {
                "type" : "BooleanQuery",
                "description" : "title:beautiful title:mind",
                "time_in_nanos" : 625436,
                "breakdown" : {
                  "set_min_competitive_score_count" : 0,
                  "match_count" : 62,
                  "shallow_advance_count" : 0,
                  "set_min_competitive_score" : 0,
                  "next_doc" : 174990,
                  "match" : 11667,
                  "next_doc_count" : 85,
                  "score_count" : 62,
                  "compute_max_score_count" : 0,
                  "compute_max_score" : 0,
                  "advance" : 43063,
                  "advance_count" : 2,
                  "score" : 55469,
                  "build_scorer_count" : 4,
                  "create_weight" : 191572,
                  "shallow_advance" : 0,
                  "create_weight_count" : 1,
                  "build_scorer" : 148459
                },
                "children" : [
                  {
                    "type" : "TermQuery",
                    "description" : "title:beautiful",
                    "time_in_nanos" : 204096,
                    "breakdown" : {
                      "set_min_competitive_score_count" : 0,
                      "match_count" : 0,
                      "shallow_advance_count" : 6,
                      "set_min_competitive_score" : 0,
                      "next_doc" : 0,
                      "match" : 0,
                      "next_doc_count" : 0,
                      "score_count" : 49,
                      "compute_max_score_count" : 6,
                      "compute_max_score" : 14774,
                      "advance" : 8089,
                      "advance_count" : 69,
                      "score" : 33415,
                      "build_scorer_count" : 6,
                      "create_weight" : 118350,
                      "shallow_advance" : 4009,
                      "create_weight_count" : 1,
                      "build_scorer" : 25322
                    }
                  },
                  {
                    "type" : "TermQuery",
                    "description" : "title:mind",
                    "time_in_nanos" : 67249,
                    "breakdown" : {
                      "set_min_competitive_score_count" : 0,
                      "match_count" : 0,
                      "shallow_advance_count" : 6,
                      "set_min_competitive_score" : 0,
                      "next_doc" : 0,
                      "match" : 0,
                      "next_doc_count" : 0,
                      "score_count" : 14,
                      "compute_max_score_count" : 6,
                      "compute_max_score" : 6391,
                      "advance" : 14938,
                      "advance_count" : 21,
                      "score" : 7946,
                      "build_scorer_count" : 6,
                      "create_weight" : 31189,
                      "shallow_advance" : 1932,
                      "create_weight_count" : 1,
                      "build_scorer" : 4799
                    }
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "rewrite_time" : 5789,
            "collector" : [
              {
                "name" : "SimpleTopScoreDocCollector",
                "reason" : "search_top_hits",
                "time_in_nanos" : 88641
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "aggregations" : [ ]
      }
    ]
  }
}

布尔查询

与逻辑:AND

GET /movies/_search?q=title:(Beautiful AND Mind){  "profile": "true"}

结果如下:

{
  "took" : 3,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 1,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 13.790279,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "movies",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "4995",
        "_score" : 13.790279,
        "_source" : {
          "genre" : [
            "Drama",
            "Romance"
          ],
          "year" : 2001,
          "title" : "Beautiful Mind, A",
          "@version" : "1",
          "id" : "4995"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "profile" : {
    "shards" : [
      {
        "id" : "[JhcR-XkxT2uY3UubTpfZAQ][movies][0]",
        "searches" : [
          {
            "query" : [
              {
                "type" : "BooleanQuery",
                "description" : "+title:beautiful +title:mind",
                "time_in_nanos" : 1536592,
                "breakdown" : {
                  "set_min_competitive_score_count" : 0,
                  "match_count" : 0,
                  "shallow_advance_count" : 0,
                  "set_min_competitive_score" : 0,
                  "next_doc" : 10206,
                  "match" : 0,
                  "next_doc_count" : 1,
                  "score_count" : 1,
                  "compute_max_score_count" : 0,
                  "compute_max_score" : 0,
                  "advance" : 30201,
                  "advance_count" : 2,
                  "score" : 5287,
                  "build_scorer_count" : 4,
                  "create_weight" : 178873,
                  "shallow_advance" : 0,
                  "create_weight_count" : 1,
                  "build_scorer" : 1312016
                },
                "children" : [
                  {
                    "type" : "TermQuery",
                    "description" : "title:beautiful",
                    "time_in_nanos" : 163234,
                    "breakdown" : {
                      "set_min_competitive_score_count" : 0,
                      "match_count" : 0,
                      "shallow_advance_count" : 6,
                      "set_min_competitive_score" : 0,
                      "next_doc" : 0,
                      "match" : 0,
                      "next_doc_count" : 0,
                      "score_count" : 1,
                      "compute_max_score_count" : 4,
                      "compute_max_score" : 4920,
                      "advance" : 2941,
                      "advance_count" : 19,
                      "score" : 634,
                      "build_scorer_count" : 6,
                      "create_weight" : 106483,
                      "shallow_advance" : 1800,
                      "create_weight_count" : 1,
                      "build_scorer" : 46419
                    }
                  },
                  {
                    "type" : "TermQuery",
                    "description" : "title:mind",
                    "time_in_nanos" : 71323,
                    "breakdown" : {
                      "set_min_competitive_score_count" : 0,
                      "match_count" : 0,
                      "shallow_advance_count" : 6,
                      "set_min_competitive_score" : 0,
                      "next_doc" : 0,
                      "match" : 0,
                      "next_doc_count" : 0,
                      "score_count" : 1,
                      "compute_max_score_count" : 4,
                      "compute_max_score" : 21195,
                      "advance" : 5648,
                      "advance_count" : 21,
                      "score" : 3146,
                      "build_scorer_count" : 6,
                      "create_weight" : 29046,
                      "shallow_advance" : 4756,
                      "create_weight_count" : 1,
                      "build_scorer" : 7493
                    }
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "rewrite_time" : 7520,
            "collector" : [
              {
                "name" : "SimpleTopScoreDocCollector",
                "reason" : "search_top_hits",
                "time_in_nanos" : 14684
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "aggregations" : [ ]
      }
    ]
  }
}

以上也可以使用%2B来实现:

GET /movies/_search?q=title:(Beautiful %2BMind)
{
  "profile": "true"
}

要求某一字符串不存在:NOT

GET /movies/_search?q=title:(Beautiful NOT Mind)
{
  "profile": "true"
}

指定范围

比如年份>2000年:

GET /movies/_search?q=year:>2000
{
  "profile": "true"
}

通配符查询

查询标题以b开头的电影:

GET /movies/_search?q=title:b*
{
  "profile": "true"
}

对beautiful进行模糊匹配,~后面的数字一般和要匹配的单词数一致:

GET /movies/_search?q=title:beautifl~1
{
  "profile": "true"
}

phrase查询里也可以用~来进行模糊匹配:

GET /movies/_search?q=title:"Lord Rings"~2
{
  "profile": "true"
}

请求体查询

对某字段进行排序

GET /kibana_sample_data_ecommerce/_search
{
  "sort": [
    {
      "order_date": {
        "order": "desc"
      }
    }
  ],
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  }
}

指定保留的字段

GET /kibana_sample_data_ecommerce/_search
{
  "_source": ["order_date"],
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  }
}

使用脚本添加字段

GET /kibana_sample_data_ecommerce/_search
{
  "script_fields": {
    "new_field": {
      "script": {
        "lang": "painless",
        "source": "doc['order_date'].value + '_szc'"
      }
    }
  },  
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  }
}

逻辑操作符

用请求体查询进行匹配时,多个字符串默认是用or的逻辑进行匹配:

POST movies/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "title": "Last Christmas"
    }
  }
}

and逻辑需要指定:

POST movies/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "title": {
        "query": "Christmas Vacation",
        "operator": "and"
      }
    }
  }
}

match_phrase

match_phrase可以进行phrase匹配,也可以指定单词间隔数

POST movies/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_phrase": {
      "title": {
        "query": "one love",
        "slop": 1
      }
    }
  }
}

query_string和simple_query_string

先插入两条数据:

PUT /users/_doc/1
{
  "name": "Jordan Henderson",
  "about": "Hadoop, java, Android"
}

PUT /users/_doc/2
{
  "name": "Jordan Milna",
  "about": "C++"
}

query_string

然后先进行query_string,来匹配name字段,要求同时包含乔丹和亨德森:

POST users/_search
{
  "query": {
    "query_string": {
      "default_field": "name",
      "query": "Jordan AND Henderson"
    }
  }
}

也可以对多个字段进行匹配:

POST users/_search
{
  "query": {
    "query_string": {
      "fields": ["name", "about"],
      "query": "(Jordan AND Henderson) OR (java AND Android)"
    }
  }
}

simple_query_string

而simple_query_string中把AND、OR当成字符串来处理,要用+、|来代替:

POST users/_search
{
  "query": {
    "simple_query_string": {
      "query": "Jordan+Henderson",
      "fields": ["name"]
    }
  }
}

也可以使用default_operator来指定操作符,默认为or:

POST users/_search
{
  "query": {
    "simple_query_string": {
      "query": "Jordan Henderson",
      "fields": ["name"]
      , "default_operator": "AND"
    }
  }
}
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