UDP
记录下UDP的示例源码,注意下recvform与sendto函数的用法就行:
server
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#define SERV_PORT 8000
int main(void)
{
struct sockaddr_in serv_addr, clie_addr;
socklen_t clie_addr_len;
int sockfd;
char buf[BUFSIZ];
char str[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
int i, n;
sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0); //改为报帧格式
bzero(&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));
serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
serv_addr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT);
bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)); //不需要listen与accept的三次握手
printf("Accepting connections ...\n");
while (1) {
clie_addr_len = sizeof(clie_addr);
n = recvfrom(sockfd, buf, BUFSIZ,0, (struct sockaddr *)&clie_addr, &clie_addr_len); //recvfrom 替换 read
if (n == -1)
perror("recvfrom error");
printf("received from %s at PORT %d\n",
inet_ntop(AF_INET, &clie_addr.sin_addr, str, sizeof(str)),
ntohs(clie_addr.sin_port));
/*完成任务*/
n = sendto(sockfd, buf, n, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&clie_addr, sizeof(clie_addr)); //sendto替换write
if (n == -1)
perror("sendto error");
}
close(sockfd);
return 0;
}
client
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#define SERV_PORT 8000
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
int sockfd, n;
char buf[BUFSIZ];
sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0); //改为报帧格式
bzero(&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &servaddr.sin_addr);
servaddr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT);
//无需使用connect函数了
while (fgets(buf, BUFSIZ, stdin) != NULL) {
n = sendto(sockfd, buf, strlen(buf), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
if (n == -1)
perror("sendto error");
n = recvfrom(sockfd, buf, BUFSIZ, 0, NULL, 0); //NULL:不关心对端信息,只管发送
if (n == -1)
perror("recvfrom error");
write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, n);
}
close(sockfd);
return 0;
}
本地套接字
本地套接字用于进程间的通信(IPC),同样的还有pipe,fifo,mmap,信号。
对比TCP C/S模型的不同点有以下几处
- int socket(int domain,int type,int protocol);
domain:AF_INET–》AF_LOCAL/AF_UNIX
type:任意 ,SOCK_STREAM/SOCK_DGRAM都可以
protocol: 0 - 使用的地址结构体不同:struct sockaddr_un
struct sockaddr_un {
__kernel_sa_family_t sun_family; /* AF_UNIX / 地址结构类型
char sun_path[UNIX_PATH_MAX]; / pathname */ socket文件名(含路径)
}; - bind()函数调用成功,会创建一个socket。为保证bind成功,在bind之前,调用unlink()函数(删除指定文件)
- 客户端也需要bind不能隐式绑定。并且应该在通信建立过程创建且初始化两个地址结构
client_addr ——> bind()
server_addr——> connect()
记录下示例源码
server
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#define SERV_ADDR "serv.socket"
int main(void)
{
int lfd, cfd, len, size, i;
struct sockaddr_un servaddr, cliaddr;
char buf[4096];
lfd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
bzero(&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
servaddr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
strcpy(servaddr.sun_path,SERV_ADDR); //拷贝文件路径
len = offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + strlen(servaddr.sun_path); /* servaddr total len */
unlink(SERV_ADDR); /* 确保bind之前serv.sock文件不存在,bind会创建该文件 */
bind(lfd, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, len); /* 参3不能是sizeof(servaddr) */
listen(lfd, 20);
printf("Accept ...\n");
while (1) {
len = sizeof(cliaddr);
cfd = accept(lfd, (struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr, (socklen_t *)&len);
len -= offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path); /* 得到文件名的长度 */
cliaddr.sun_path[len] = '\0'; /* 确保打印时,没有乱码出现 */
printf("client bind filename %s\n", cliaddr.sun_path);
while ((size = read(cfd, buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0) {
/*完成任务*/
}
close(cfd);
}
close(lfd);
return 0;
}
client
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#define SERV_ADDR "serv.socket"
#define CLIE_ADDR "clie.socket"
int main(void)
{
int cfd, len;
struct sockaddr_un servaddr, cliaddr;
char buf[4096];
cfd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
bzero(&cliaddr, sizeof(cliaddr));
cliaddr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
strcpy(cliaddr.sun_path,CLIE_ADDR);
len = offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + strlen(cliaddr.sun_path); /* 计算客户端地址结构有效长度 */
unlink(CLIE_ADDR);
bind(cfd, (struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr, len); /* 客户端也需要bind, 不能依赖自动绑定*/
bzero(&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)); /* 构造server 地址 */
servaddr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
strcpy(servaddr.sun_path,SERV_ADDR);
len = offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + strlen(servaddr.sun_path); /* 计算服务器端地址结构有效长度 */
connect(cfd, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, len);
while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin) != NULL) {
write(cfd, buf, strlen(buf));
len = read(cfd, buf, sizeof(buf));
write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, len);
}
close(cfd);
return 0;
}