1.帮助命令
1.docker version #显示docker的版本信息
2.docker info # 显示docker额系统信息，包括镜像和容器数量
3. docker 命令 --help
官网文档地址
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/docker/
docker 镜像地址
https://hub.docker.com/
2.镜像命令
1.docker images
列出本地镜像
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源
TAG 镜像的标签
IMAGE ID 镜像的id
CREATED 镜像的创建时间
SIZE 镜像的大小
Options:
-a, --all Show all images (default hides intermediate images)
--digests Show digests
-f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided
--format string Pretty-print images using a Go template
--no-trunc Don't truncate output
-q, --quiet Only show image IDs
2.docker search
从Docker Hub查找镜像
[root@l4 containerd]# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 11439 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4343 [OK]
mysql/mysql-server Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create… 848 [OK]
phpmyadmin phpMyAdmin - A web interface for MySQL and M… 328 [OK]
centos/mysql-57-centos7 MySQL 5.7 SQL database server 91
mysql/mysql-cluster Experimental MySQL Cluster Docker images. Cr… 88
centurylink/mysql Image containing mysql. Optimized to be link… 59 [OK]
databack/mysql-backup Back up mysql databases to... anywhere! 50
prom/mysqld-exporter 42 [OK]
deitch/mysql-backup REPLACED! Please use http://hub.docker.com/r… 41 [OK]
tutum/mysql Base docker image to run a MySQL database se… 35
linuxserver/mysql A Mysql container, brought to you by LinuxSe… 31
schickling/mysql-backup-s3 Backup MySQL to S3 (supports periodic backup… 31 [OK]
mysql/mysql-router MySQL Router provides transparent routing be… 22
centos/mysql-56-centos7 MySQL 5.6 SQL database server 20
arey/mysql-client Run a MySQL client from a docker container 18 [OK]
fradelg/mysql-cron-backup MySQL/MariaDB database backup using cron tas… 16 [OK]
yloeffler/mysql-backup This image runs mysqldump to backup data usi… 7 [OK]
genschsa/mysql-employees MySQL Employee Sample Database 7 [OK]
openshift/mysql-55-centos7 DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based MySQL v5.5 image… 6
devilbox/mysql Retagged MySQL, MariaDB and PerconaDB offici… 3
jelastic/mysql An image of the MySQL database server mainta… 2
ansibleplaybookbundle/mysql-apb An APB which deploys RHSCL MySQL 2 [OK]
centos/mysql-80-centos7 MySQL 8.0 SQL database server 1
widdpim/mysql-client Dockerized MySQL Client (5.7) including Curl… 1 [OK]
[root@l4 containerd]#
搜索mysql镜像，并且STAR 大于3000
Options:
-f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided
--format string Pretty-print search using a Go template
--limit int Max number of search results (default 25)
--no-trunc Don't truncate output
3.docker pull
Using default tag: latest #如果不写tag，默认下载最新版本
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
a330b6cecb98: Pull complete #分层下载， doccker images 的核心 联合文件系统
9c8f656c32b8: Pull complete
88e473c3f553: Pull complete
062463ea5d2f: Pull complete
daf7e3bdf4b6: Pull complete
1839c0b7aac9: Pull complete
cf0a0cfee6d0: Pull complete
1b42041bb11e: Pull complete
10459d86c7e6: Pull complete
b7199599d5f9: Pull complete
1d6f51e17d45: Pull complete
50e0789bacad: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:99e0989e7e3797cfbdb8d51a19d32c8d286dd8862794d01a547651a896bcf00c #签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest #真实地址
带有tag下载
4.docker rmi
docker rmi -f 镜像id
[root@l4 containerd]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql 5.7 1d7aba917169 2 weeks ago 448MB
mysql latest 0716d6ebcc1a 2 weeks ago 514MB
ubuntu latest fb52e22af1b0 3 weeks ago 72.8MB
hello-world latest d1165f221234 6 months ago 13.3kB
[root@l4 containerd]# docker rmi -f 1d7aba917169
Untagged: mysql:5.7
Untagged: mysql@sha256:d9b934cdf6826629f8d02ea01f28b2c4ddb1ae27c32664b14867324b3e5e1291
Deleted: sha256:1d7aba9171693947d53f474014821972bf25d72b7d143ce4af4c8d8484623417
Deleted: sha256:94ebbead5c58282fef91cc7d0fb56e4006a72434b4a6ae2cd5be98f369cb8c21
Deleted: sha256:989da5efad29ec59bd536cd393d277bc777f8b9b34b8e3ad9593a4b0a83b40f4
Deleted: sha256:7457ee6817c678da3cb383d27a3d79d5f3f25fbcb92958d5e8d5709e7631e23c
Deleted: sha256:fe7dac53adebe33519b4e4fc577bfcddd7372cc313c35fae681fc82fb325fdc0
[root@l4 containerd]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql latest 0716d6ebcc1a 2 weeks ago 514MB
ubuntu latest fb52e22af1b0 3 weeks ago 72.8MB
hello-world latest d1165f221234 6 months ago 13.3kB
[root@l4 containerd]#
删除全部的镜像
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)
[root@l4 containerd]#
[root@l4 containerd]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql latest 0716d6ebcc1a 2 weeks ago 514MB
ubuntu latest fb52e22af1b0 3 weeks ago 72.8MB
hello-world latest d1165f221234 6 months ago 13.3kB
[root@l4 containerd]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)
Untagged: mysql:latest
Untagged: mysql@sha256:99e0989e7e3797cfbdb8d51a19d32c8d286dd8862794d01a547651a896bcf00c
Deleted: sha256:0716d6ebcc1a61c5a296fcb187e71f93531e510d4e4400267e2e502103d0194c
Deleted: sha256:dc895a08d34b5b81fc4ca087d2ad52cbe1a2050e249040a22c5f2eabf2f384ba
Deleted: sha256:660229dcf1a452460127a498b9f3f161e7ca94507353ded8af92fe9ab55a32ed
Deleted: sha256:6b26fa2fc4e2150aee2f2557bcbfaf727c00d1650ea08d8ed3fe7c8a6caaa88b
Deleted: sha256:c20303553d5d2594e1655000089b12eca8db7afdcb068cc35fc47ebfe3dab5fb
Deleted: sha256:77a3d69619bfea7b30831a41a32bbf61756c9f95513743deea8daa9a83ff2646
Deleted: sha256:9578f1c7f00f400b3f71be0ee721cbc0892e05e454323e1a74a6e56ae1dafdab
Deleted: sha256:335f9f9fbbd8977530806ed5439a2b67f1c06117f752a2598698de4ae304c516
Deleted: sha256:e15ed274d47a7d6ddff0afcc628143254c69128a9d2379900ebb519e7c6c2bce
Deleted: sha256:51930b767631b583738d75519bed2a8cc757c5b0c904617972386462deee2ca7
Deleted: sha256:43bd682fb659113a8ab168032d8f82dee86d2cee5cee2e146af6c3a6f9ccef18
Deleted: sha256:1957f1873568b423369e0299de6c9b75a111fea807b0c07506ba45d075ca8f80
Deleted: sha256:d000633a56813933cb0ac5ee3246cf7a4c0205db6290018a169d7cb096581046
Untagged: ubuntu:latest
Untagged: ubuntu@sha256:9d6a8699fb5c9c39cf08a0871bd6219f0400981c570894cd8cbea30d3424a31f
Deleted: sha256:fb52e22af1b01869e23e75089c368a1130fa538946d0411d47f964f8b1076180
Deleted: sha256:4942a1abcbfa1c325b1d7ed93d3cf6020f555be706672308a4a4a6b6d631d2e7
Untagged: hello-world:latest
Untagged: hello-world@sha256:61bd3cb6014296e214ff4c6407a5a7e7092dfa8eefdbbec539e133e97f63e09f
Deleted: sha256:d1165f2212346b2bab48cb01c1e39ee8ad1be46b87873d9ca7a4e434980a7726
[root@l4 containerd]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
[root@l4 containerd]#
3.容器命令
1.docker run 启动容器命令
docker run -it centos /bin/bash 启动并进入容器
[root@l4 containerd]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 5 days ago 231MB
[root@l4 containerd]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
-it就等于 -i和-t，这两个参数的作用是，为该docker创建一个伪终端，这样就可以进入到容器的交互模式？（也就是直接进入到容器里面）
后面的/bin/bash的作用是表示载入容器后运行bash ,docker中必须要保持一个进程的运行，要不然整个容器启动后就会马上kill itself，这个/bin/bash就表示启动容器后启动bash
2.从容器中退回主机
exit 容器停止并退出
ctrl + P+Q 容器不停止退出
[root@bbe14e09004f /]# exit
exit
[root@l4 containerd]#
3.列出所有运行的容器
docker ps 命令
[root@l4 containerd]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@l4 containerd]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
bbe14e09004f centos "/bin/bash" 5 minutes ago Exited (0) 3 minutes ago zen_carson
a8380072a23d d1165f221234 "/hello" About an hour ago Exited (0) About an hour ago nervous_darwin
0ea914a9ad08 d1165f221234 "/hello" About an hour ago Exited (0) About an hour ago thirsty_taussig
[root@l4 containerd]# docker ps -aq
bbe14e09004f
a8380072a23d
0ea914a9ad08
[root@l4 containerd]# docker ps -n=1
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
bbe14e09004f centos "/bin/bash" 6 minutes ago Exited (0) 4 minutes ago zen_carson
[root@l4 containerd]# docker ps -n=2
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
bbe14e09004f centos "/bin/bash" 6 minutes ago Exited (0) 4 minutes ago zen_carson
a8380072a23d d1165f221234 "/hello" About an hour ago Exited (0) About an hour ago nervous_darwin
4.删除容器
docker rm 容器id #删除指定容器，不能删除正在运行容器，如果要删除 rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) #删除所有容器
docker ps -a -q | xargs docker rm #删除所有容器
5.启动和停止容器
6.后台启动容器
docker run -d 镜像名称
[root@l4 ~]# docker run -d centos
7.进入运行容器
1.docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash，打开新的终端，可以在里操作，常用
2.docker attach 容器id
如果当前运行代码，是退出不了的
进入容器正在运行的终端，不会启动新的进程
8.copy容器文件
1.copy容器文件到本地
命令：docker cp 容器id:容器文件路径 本地路径
2.将本地文件copy到本地
命令：docker cp 本地路径 容器id:容器文件路径
9.指定端口
-p 是具体指定一个端口
docker run -d -p 3310:3306 --name mysql01 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 mysql:5.7
-P 随机指定一个端口
docker run -d -P --name mysql01 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 mysql:5.7
可以看到随机分配一个端口49154
还有容器的命令也可以通过docker container 命令实现是等价的
3.其他命令
1.日志命令
docker logs
-t 显示时间戳
-f 显示日志，如果不加-f 显示日志后直接退出
–taiil number 显示日志条数
[root@l4 ~]# docker logs --help
Usage: docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER
Fetch the logs of a container
Options:
--details Show extra details provided to logs
-f, --follow Follow log output
--since string Show logs since timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
-n, --tail string Number of lines to show from the end of the logs (default "all")
-t, --timestamps Show timestamps
--until string Show logs before a timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
[root@l4 ~]#
eg：
自己写一个脚本运行
docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c “while true;do echo ldjjj;sleep 1 ;done”
通过日志查看
-t表示时间戳，如果不加-t，
不加 -f，显示后退出
其他例子：
查看指定时间后的日志，只显示最后10行：
查看最近1分钟的日志:
2.查看容器进程
docker top 容器id
[root@l4 ~]# docker top 103f83290eda
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 3921 3902 0 14:58 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo ldjjj;sleep 1 ;done
root 8915 3921 0 15:27 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
[root@l4 ~]#
3.查看容器元数据
docker inspect 容器id
[root@l4 ~]# docker inspect 103f83290eda
[
{
"Id": "103f83290eda83b06a5c844559962e3c4e02328edbbd6a45c7b562d7f07a7b2e",
"Created": "2021-10-16T06:58:49.849590824Z",
"Path": "/bin/sh",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo ldjjj;sleep 1 ;done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 3921,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2021-10-16T06:58:50.164416807Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/103f83290eda83b06a5c844559962e3c4e02328edbbd6a45c7b562d7f07a7b2e/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/103f83290eda83b06a5c844559962e3c4e02328edbbd6a45c7b562d7f07a7b2e/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/103f83290eda83b06a5c844559962e3c4e02328edbbd6a45c7b562d7f07a7b2e/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/103f83290eda83b06a5c844559962e3c4e02328edbbd6a45c7b562d7f07a7b2e/103f83290eda83b06a5c844559962e3c4e02328edbbd6a45c7b562d7f07a7b2e-json.log",
"Name": "/charming_keller",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9611bb91fe077985120656c6610118b2248cc207dc785f389e31328b08636859-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/79b5e374f0931b4adb231f28e4fd9e6d5d1e166f80be7d689aac65636d5277c7/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9611bb91fe077985120656c6610118b2248cc207dc785f389e31328b08636859/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9611bb91fe077985120656c6610118b2248cc207dc785f389e31328b08636859/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9611bb91fe077985120656c6610118b2248cc207dc785f389e31328b08636859/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "103f83290eda",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"while true;do echo ldjjj;sleep 1 ;done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "cf0d3525c10aebbf404384aa7ff12c77e051d5e018716e71d0dbe312491fe738",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/cf0d3525c10a",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "a7c04911876ff67a7ac4c820c62f186ab64721ebadbcc6ee9a3ed6a4cc9d7f19",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "04372c21f72887aaf0ea0aa58097a83bf2c97b4e2b52ca8c26f0c7f1e9b85b5d",
"EndpointID": "a7c04911876ff67a7ac4c820c62f186ab64721ebadbcc6ee9a3ed6a4cc9d7f19",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
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