本文转自https://blog.csdn.net/gzshun/article/details/7081736
在处理字符串的程序当中,经常会分析字符串,从一大长串的字符串截取我们需要的数据,这如果通过自己手写函数来分析,虽然可以,但当你知道sscanf的功能,那就自己写函数分析就显得多此一举。
这些函数的使用都很简单,总结一下,等下次使用一目了然。
-
/*****************************************************
-
** Name : sscanf.c
-
** Author : gzshun
-
** Version : 1.0
-
** Date : 2011-12
-
** Description : sscanf function
-
******************************************************/
-
#include <stdio.h>
-
#include <stdlib.h>
-
#include <string.h>
-
-
static void sscanf_test(void);
-
-
static void sscanf_test(void)
-
{
-
int ret;
-
char *
string;
-
int digit;
-
char buf1[
255];
-
char buf2[
255];
-
char buf3[
255];
-
char buf4[
255];
-
-
/*1.最简单的用法*/
-
string =
“china beijing 123”;
-
ret =
sscanf(
string,
“%s %s %d”, buf1, buf2, &digit);
-
printf(
“1.string=%s\n”,
string);
-
printf(
“1.ret=%d, buf1=%s, buf2=%s, digit=%d\n\n”, ret, buf1, buf2, digit);
-
/*
-
**执行结果:
-
**1.ret=3, buf1=china, buf2=beijing, digit=123
-
**可以看出,sscanf的返回值是读取的参数个数
-
*/
-
-
/*2.取指定长度的字符串*/
-
string =
“123456789”;
-
sscanf(
string,
“%5s”, buf1);
-
printf(
“2.string=%s\n”,
string);
-
printf(
“2.buf1=%s\n\n”, buf1);
-
/*
-
**执行结果:
-
**2.buf1=12345
-
*/
-
-
/*3.取到指定字符为止的字符串*/
-
string =
“123/456”;
-
sscanf(
string,
“%[^/]”, buf1);
-
printf(
“3.string=%s\n”,
string);
-
printf(
“3.buf1=%s\n\n”, buf1);
-
/*
-
**执行结果:
-
**3.buf1=123
-
*/
-
-
/*4.取到指定字符集为止的字符串*/
-
string =
“123abcABC”;
-
sscanf(
string,
“%[^A-Z]”, buf1);
-
printf(
“4.string=%s\n”,
string);
-
printf(
“4.buf1=%s\n\n”, buf1);
-
/*
-
**执行结果:
-
**4.buf1=123abc
-
*/
-
-
/*5.取仅包含指定字符集的字符串*/
-
string =
“0123abcABC”;
-
sscanf(
string,
“%[0-9]%[a-z]%[A-Z]”, buf1, buf2, buf3);
-
printf(
“5.string=%s\n”,
string);
-
printf(
“5.buf1=%s, buf2=%s, buf3=%s\n\n”, buf1, buf2, buf3);
-
/*
-
**执行结果:
-
**5.buf1=123, buf2=abc, buf3=ABC
-
*/
-
-
/*6.获取指定字符中间的字符串*/
-
string =
“ios<android>wp7”;
-
sscanf(
string,
“%*[^<]<%[^>]”, buf1);
-
printf(
“6.string=%s\n”,
string);
-
printf(
“6.buf1=%s\n\n”, buf1);
-
/*
-
**执行结果:
-
**6.buf1=android
-
*/
-
-
/*7.指定要跳过的字符串*/
-
string =
“iosVSandroid”;
-
sscanf(
string,
“%[a-z]VS%[a-z]”, buf1, buf2);
-
printf(
“7.string=%s\n”,
string);
-
printf(
“7.buf1=%s, buf2=%s\n\n”, buf1, buf2);
-
/*
-
**执行结果:
-
**7.buf1=ios, buf2=android
-
*/
-
-
/*8.分割以某字符隔开的字符串*/
-
string =
“android-iphone-wp7”;
-
/*
-
**字符串取道’-‘为止,后面还需要跟着分隔符’-‘,
-
**起到过滤作用,有点类似于第7点
-
*/
-
sscanf(
string,
“%[^-]-%[^-]-%[^-]”, buf1, buf2, buf3);
-
printf(
“8.string=%s\n”,
string);
-
printf(
“8.buf1=%s, buf2=%s, buf3=%s\n\n”, buf1, buf2, buf3);
-
/*
-
**执行结果:
-
**8.buf1=android, buf2=iphone, buf3=wp7
-
*/
-
-
/*9.提取邮箱地址*/
-
string =
“Email:beijing@sina.com.cn”;
-
sscanf(
string,
“%[^:]:%[^@]@%[^.].%s”, buf1, buf2, buf3, buf4);
-
printf(
“9.string=%s\n”,
string);
-
printf(
“9.buf1=%s, buf2=%s, buf3=%s, buf4=%s\n\n”, buf1, buf2, buf3, buf4);
-
/*
-
**执行结果:
-
**9.buf1=Email, buf2=beijing, buf3=sina, buf4=com.cn
-
*/
-
-
/*10.过滤掉不想截取或不需要的字符串–补充,
-
**在%号后面加一*号,代表过滤这个字符串,不读取
-
*/
-
string =
“android iphone wp7”;
-
sscanf(
string,
“%s %*s %s”, buf1, buf2);
-
printf(
“10.string=%s\n”,
string);
-
printf(
“10.buf1=%s, buf2=%s\n\n”, buf1, buf2);
-
/*
-
**执行结果:
-
**10.android wp7
-
*/
-
}
-
-
int main(int argc, char **argv)
-
{
-
sscanf_test();
-
-
return
0;
-
}
-
-
/*
-
**测试程序
-
**环境:
-
**Linux ubuntu 2.6.32-24-generic-pae #39-Ubuntu SMP Wed Jul 28 07:39:26 UTC 2010 i686 GNU/Linux
-
**gcc version 4.4.3 (Ubuntu 4.4.3-4ubuntu5)
-
**
-
gzshun@ubuntu:~/c/sscanf$ gcc sscanf.c -o sscanf</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="146"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"><span class="hljs-comment">gzshun@ubuntu:~/c/sscanf$ ./sscanf
-
1.string=china beijing 123
-
1.ret=3, buf1=china, buf2=beijing, digit=123
-
-
2.string=123456789
-
2.buf1=12345
-
-
3.string=123/456
-
3.buf1=123
-
-
4.string=123abcABC
-
4.buf1=123abc
-
-
5.string=0123abcABC
-
5.buf1=0123, buf2=abc, buf3=ABC
-
-
6.string=ios<android>wp7
-
6.buf1=android
-
-
7.string=iosVSandroid
-
7.buf1=ios, buf2=android
-
-
8.string=android-iphone-wp7
-
8.buf1=android, buf2=iphone, buf3=wp7
-
-
9.string=Email:beijing@sina.com.cn
-
9.buf1=Email, buf2=beijing, buf3=sina, buf4=com.cn
-
-
10.string=android iphone wp7
-
10.buf1=android, buf2=wp7
-
*/