C++ primer Plus学习笔记（第六章）——分支语句和逻辑操作符

6.1 if语句

if （test_condition)
    statement

6.1.1 if else 语句

if（test_condition)
  statement1;
else
  statement2;

测试条件1为真，执行语句1，否则执行语句2

6.1.3 if ，else if ， else结构

6.2 逻辑表达式

• 逻辑OR操作符：||
• 逻辑AND 操作符：&&
• 逻辑NOT操作符：！

６.３ 字符函数库（cctype)

6.4 ？：操作符

可以替代if else语句。
expression1 ？ expression2 ：expression3;如果expression1为true，则执行expression2，否则执行expression3;

6.5 switch 语句

switch (interger_expression)
{
      case label1 : statement(s)
      case label2 : statement(s)
      case label3 : statement(s)
      ...
      default : statement
}

如果测试条件与任何情况都不匹配，则直接跳到default；

6.5.1 用枚举量作为标签

#include <iostream>
enum{ red,orange,yello,green,blue,violet,indigo };
int main()
{
    using namespace std;
    cout << "Enter color code (0-6): ";
    int code;
    cin >> code;
    while (code >= red && code <= indigo)
    {
        switch (code)
        {
             case red:    cout << "Her lips was red.\n"; break;
             case orange: cout << "Her hair was orange.\n"; break;
             case yello:  cout << "Her shoes was yello.\n"; break;
             case green:  cout << "Her sweatsuit was green.\n"; break;
             case blue:   cout << "Her nails was blue.\n"; break;
             case violet: cout << "Her eyes was violet.\n"; break;
             case indigo: cout << "Her mood was indigo.\n"; break;     
        }
        cout << "Enter color code(0-6):";
        cin >> code; 
    }
    cout << "Bye!\n";
    return 0;
}

6.6 break和contiune语句

break直接跳出循环；
contiune跳过该次循环剩余的部分，直接开始下一轮循环。

6.7 读取数字的循环

6.8 简单文件输入和输出

6.8.2 写入到文本文件中

输入准备：

• 头文件包含iostream
• 指明空间std;
• 包含头文件fstream
• 使用完文件后，应使用close关闭

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
...

ofstream out.File;                   //创建输出文件
outFile.open("fish.txt");            //用outFile 写入磁盘文件fish.txt
outFile<<***;                        //将***写入文件中


outFile.close();                     //关闭文件

6.8.3 读取文本文件

• 包含头文件iostream
• 包含头文件fstream
• 知明名称空间std

如下例：

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <cstdlib>                  //使得exit(EXIT_FAILURE)有效
using namespace std;
const int size = 50;

int main()
{
    using namespace std;
    char filename[Size];
    ifstream inFile;         //用于处理输入的对象

    cout << "Enter name of data file: ";
    cin.getline(filename, Size);
    inFile.open(filename);         //将inFile 与文件联系起来，即从文件中读取内容
   
   //如果读取失败，则退出程序
    if (!inFile.is_open())
    {
        cout << "Could not open the file " << filename << endl;
        cout << "Program terminating.\n";
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);                  //退出程序
    }
    
    double value;
    double sum = 0.0;
    int count = 0;

    inFile >> value;                  //读取第一个值       
    while (inFile.good())             //每次只读一个数字；
    {
        ++count;
        sum += value;
        inFile >> value;              //读取下一个字符
    }
    if (inFile.eof())
        cout << "End of file reached.\n";
    else if (inFile.fail())
        cout << "Input terminated by data mismatch.\n";
    else
        cout << "Input terminatd for unknown reason\n";
    if (count == 0)
        cout << "No data processed.\n";
    else
    {
        cout << "Items read: " << count << endl;
        cout << "Sum: " << sum << endl;
        cout << "Average: " << sum / count << endl;
    }
    inFile.close();
    return 0;
}