jdk1.8后为什么hashmap中链表长度大于8会转变成红黑树

hashmap源码中有以下注释

/*
* Implementation notes.
*
* This map usually acts as a binned (bucketed) hash table, but
* when bins get too large, they are transformed into bins of
* TreeNodes, each structured similarly to those in
* java.util.TreeMap. Most methods try to use normal bins, but
* relay to TreeNode methods when applicable (simply by checking
* instanceof a node). Bins of TreeNodes may be traversed and
* used like any others, but additionally support faster lookup
* when overpopulated. However, since the vast majority of bins in
* normal use are not overpopulated, checking for existence of
* tree bins may be delayed in the course of table methods.
*
* Tree bins (i.e., bins whose elements are all TreeNodes) are
* ordered primarily by hashCode, but in the case of ties, if two
* elements are of the same “class C implements Comparable”,
* type then their compareTo method is used for ordering. (We
* conservatively check generic types via reflection to validate
* this – see method comparableClassFor). The added complexity
* of tree bins is worthwhile in providing worst-case O(log n)
* operations when keys either have distinct hashes or are
* orderable, Thus, performance degrades gracefully under
* accidental or malicious usages in which hashCode() methods
* return values that are poorly distributed, as well as those in
* which many keys share a hashCode, so long as they are also
* Comparable. (If neither of these apply, we may waste about a
* factor of two in time and space compared to taking no
* precautions. But the only known cases stem from poor user
* programming practices that are already so slow that this makes
* little difference.)
*
* Because TreeNodes are about twice the size of regular nodes, we
* use them only when bins contain enough nodes to warrant use
* (see TREEIFY_THRESHOLD). And when they become too small (due to
* removal or resizing) they are converted back to plain bins. In
* usages with well-distributed user hashCodes, tree bins are
* rarely used. Ideally, under random hashCodes, the frequency of
* nodes in bins follows a Poisson distribution
* (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson_distribution) with a
* parameter of about 0.5 on average for the default resizing
* threshold of 0.75, although with a large variance because of
* resizing granularity. Ignoring variance, the expected
* occurrences of list size k are (exp(-0.5) * pow(0.5, k) /
* factorial(k)). The first values are:
*
* 0: 0.60653066
* 1: 0.30326533
* 2: 0.07581633
* 3: 0.01263606
* 4: 0.00157952
* 5: 0.00015795
* 6: 0.00001316
* 7: 0.00000094
* 8: 0.00000006
* more: less than 1 in ten million
*

含义是当bin变得很大的时候，就会被转换成TreeNodes中的bin，其结构和TreeMap相似，也就是红黑树：TreeNodes占用空间是普通Nodes的两倍，所以只有当bin包含足够多的节点时才会转成TreeNodes，而是否足够多就是由TREEIFY_THRESHOLD的值决定的。当bin中节点数变少时，又会转成普通的bin。并且我们查看源码的时候发现，链表长度达到8就转成红黑树，当长度降到6就转成普通bin。
这样就解析了为什么不是一开始就将其转换为TreeNodes，而是需要一定节点数才转为TreeNodes，说白了就是trade-off，空间和时间的权衡。
当hashCode离散性很好的时候，树型bin用到的概率非常小，因为数据均匀分布在每个bin中，几乎不会有bin中链表长度会达到阈值。但是在随机hashCode下，离散性可能会变差，然而JDK又不能阻止用户实现这种不好的hash算法，因此就可能导致不均匀的数据分布。不过理想情况下随机hashCode算法下所有bin中节点的分布频率会遵循泊松分布，我们可以看到，一个bin中链表长度达到8个元素的概率为0.00000006，几乎是不可能事件。所以，之所以选择8，不是拍拍屁股决定的，而是根据概率统计决定的。

最后来点高能

红黑树的平均查找长度是log(n)，如果长度为8，平均查找长度为log(8)=3，链表的平均查找长度为n/2，当长度为8时，平均查找长度为8/2=4，这才有转换成树的必要；链表长度如果是小于等于6，6/2=3，而log(6)=2.6，虽然速度也很快的，但是转化为树结构和生成树的时间并不会太短。