Java8 Lambda 表达式总结

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  1. 最简单的Lambda 表达式 x-> System.out.println(x);
    左边 为参数列表 参数类型写不写都行 Java JVM 会根据上下文 推断类型
    右边 结构体 为函数功能的实现。

2.语法格式一 : 无参数,无返回值 ()->System.out.println("Hello Lambda!");

// Runnable 接口函数
 public abstract void run();
 @Test
    public void test1(){
        int num = 0;  // jdk 1.7前  必须final  1.8 后系统默认加上

        Runnable r = new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("Hello World !" + num);
            }
        };
        r.run();

        System.out.println("================");
        Runnable r1 = () -> System.out.println("Hello Lambda");
        r1.run();

    }

上图可以看出 Lambda 使 代码更加简洁。

语法格式二: 一个参数,无返回值, 只有一个参数 小括号 可以不写
Consumer接口为Java8 的内置接口

        Consumer<String> con = (x) -> System.out.println("x");
        con.accept("Hello World");
        Consumer<String> con2 = x -> System.out.println("x");
        con2.accept("Hello World");

语法格式三:多个参数,有返回值 并且Lambda 体中有多条语句

    @Test
    public void test3(){
        Comparator<Integer> com = (o1, o2) -> {
          System.out.println("函数式接口");
          return o1.compareTo(o2);
        };
    }

语法格式四: 若 Lambda 体只有一条语句 return 和 大括号都可以不写

    @Test
    public void test4(){
        Integer num2 =  operation(100,num -> num * num);
        Integer num3 =  operation(100,num -> {return num * num;});
        System.out.println(num2);
        System.out.println(num3);
    }

二.Lambda 表达式 需要“函数式接口” 的支持

  •   函数式接口: 接口中只有一个抽象方法的接口 , 称为 函数式接口 
    
  •   可以使用注解@FunctionalInterface 修饰   检查接口是否是函数式接口
    
  • 练习
    在这里插入图片描述

答案:
1.题目一
Employee 类

    public int id;
    public String name;
    public int age;
    public double salary;

    public Employee(String name, int age, double salary) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.salary = salary;
    }
// get set toString ...... 自己补充
 List<Employee> employees = Arrays.asList(
            new Employee(101, "张三", 18, 9999.99),
            new Employee(102, "李四", 59, 6666.66),
            new Employee(103, "王五", 28, 3333.33),
            new Employee(104, "赵六", 8, 7777.77),
            new Employee(105, "田七", 38, 5555.55)
    );



    @Test
    public void test1(){
        Collections.sort(employees,(e1,e2) -> {
            if(e1.getAge() == e2.getAge()){
                return e1.getName().compareTo(e2.getName());`在这里插入代码片`
            }else {
                return e1.getAge() - e2.getAge();
            }
        });
        for (Employee e: employees) {
            System.out.println(e);
        }
    }

2.题目二

@FunctionalInterface
public interface MyFunction {
    String getValue (String str);
}
    @Test
    public void test2(){
        System.out.println(strHandler("\t\t\t Hello World ", str -> str.replaceAll(" ", "")));
        System.out.println(strHandler("  \t\t\t Hello World  ", str -> str.trim()));
        System.out.println(strHandler(" add \t\t\t Hello World  ", str -> str.toUpperCase()));
        System.out.println(strHandler(" add \t\t\t Hello World  ", str -> str.substring(0,4)));
    }

    public String strHandler(String str,MyFunction mf){
        return mf.getValue(str);
    }

3.题目三

@FunctionalInterface
public interface MyFunction2<T,R> {
    R getValue(T t1,T t2);
}
    // 需求 : 对两个 long 型数据进行处理
    public void op (Long l1,Long l2,MyFunction2<Long,Long> m){
        System.out.println(m.getValue(l1,l2));
    }
    @Test
    public void test3(){
        op(100l,200l,(x,y) -> x+y);
        op(100l,200l,(x,y) -> x-y);
        op(100l,200l,(x,y) -> x*y);
    }

三.Java 四大内置Lambda函数

 1.Consumer<T> :消费型接口
        void accept(T t);
        
 2.Supplier<T> :供给型接口
        T get();
 3.Function<T,R> :函数型接口
        R apply(T t);
 4. Predicate<T> : 断言型接口
        boolean test(T t);
package java8.lambda;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.function.Consumer;
import java.util.function.Function;
import java.util.function.Predicate;
import java.util.function.Supplier;

/**
 * @program: java8
 * @description:
 * @author: ChenYu
 * @create: 2018-10-13 20:24
 **/

public class TestLambda04 {


    /*
         1.Consumer<T> :消费型接口
          void accept(T t);
    * */
    @Test
    public void test(){
        happy(10000,(x) -> System.out.println("消费 " + x +  "元"));
    }
    public void happy(double money, Consumer<Double> con){
        con.accept(money);
    }


    /*
     2.Supplier<T> :供给型接口
     T get();
    */

    /* 产生指定个数的整数 并放入 集合中*/
    @Test
    public void test2(){
        List<Integer> list = getNumList(10,() -> (int) (Math.random() * 100));
        list.stream().forEach(System.out::println);
    }

    public List<Integer> getNumList(int num, Supplier<Integer> sup){
        List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
            list.add(sup.get());
        }
        return list;
    }




    /*
        3.Function<T,R> :函数型接口
        R apply(T t);
    */

    /*
       用于处理字符串
    * */
    @Test
    public void test3(){
        System.out.println(strHandler("\t\t\t Hello World ", str -> str.replaceAll(" ", "")));
        System.out.println(strHandler("  \t\t\t Hello World  ", str -> str.trim()));
        System.out.println(strHandler(" add \t\t\t Hello World  ", str -> str.toUpperCase()));
        System.out.println(strHandler(" add \t\t\t Hello World  ", str -> str.substring(0,4)));
    }

    public String strHandler(String str, Function<String,String> function){
        return function.apply(str);
    }


   /*

     4. Predicate<T> : 断言型接口
          boolean test(T t);
    */

    /*
       把满足条件的字符串放入集合中
    * */
    @Test
    public void test4(){
        List<String> list = Arrays.asList("hello","test","aaa","www","ok");
        List<String> resList = filterStr(list,s -> s.length()>=3);
        resList.stream().forEach(System.out::println);
    }

    public List<String> filterStr(List<String> list, Predicate<String> predicate){
        List<String> reslist = new ArrayList<>();
        for (String s : list) {
            if(predicate.test(s)){
                reslist.add(s);
            }
        }
        return reslist;
    }




}

Lambda的优点演示
1.新建一个Employee 类

 public int id;
    public String name;
    public int age;
    public double salary;

    public Employee(String name, int age, double salary) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.salary = salary;
    }
// 省略 get set toString等

2.首先有一个需求 是能根据员工的年龄或者工资进行过滤。
最原始的写法如下 这样代码冗长,可读性不好。

 List<Employee> employees = Arrays.asList(
            new Employee(101, "张三", 18, 9999.99),
            new Employee(102, "李四", 59, 6666.66),
            new Employee(103, "王五", 28, 3333.33),
            new Employee(104, "赵六", 8, 7777.77),
            new Employee(105, "田七", 38, 5555.55)
    );



    public List<Employee> filterByAge(List<Employee> list){
        List<Employee> emps = new ArrayList<>();
        for (Employee employee: list) {
            if(employee.age >= 35){
                emps.add(employee);
            }
        }
        return emps;
    }

    public List<Employee> filterBySalary(List<Employee> list){
        List<Employee> emps = new ArrayList<>();
        for (Employee employee: list) {
            if(employee.salary >= 5000){
                emps.add(employee);
            }
        }
        return emps;
    }
    
   @Test
    public void mytest(){
        List<Employee> emps = filterByAge(employees);
        for (Employee e: emps) {
            System.out.println(e);
        }
        System.out.println("-------------------");
        emps = filterBySalary(employees);
        for (Employee e: emps) {
            System.out.println(e);
        }
    }

3.用策略模式进行优化的写法
新建MyPredicate 类

@FunctionalInterface
public interface MyPredicate<T> {
    boolean test(T t);
}

分别写两个实现类实现该接口

public class FilterEmployeeByAge implements  MyPredicate<Employee>{
    @Override
    public boolean test(Employee employee) {
        return employee.age >= 30;
    }
}
public class FilterEmployeeBySalary implements  MyPredicate<Employee>{
    @Override
    public boolean test(Employee employee) {
        return employee.salary>=5000;
    }
}

测试


    // 优化方式 1  策略设计模式
    // 缺点 类太多
    // 提取共同代码
    public List<Employee> filterEmployee(List<Employee> list,MyPredicate<Employee> mp){
        List<Employee> emps = new ArrayList<>();
        for (Employee employee: list) {
            if(mp.test(employee)){
                emps.add(employee);
            }
        }
        return emps;
    }


    @Test
    public void test4(){
        List<Employee> emps = filterEmployee(employees,new FilterEmployeeByAge());
        for (Employee e: emps) {
            System.out.println(e);
        }
        System.out.println("-----------------------");
        emps = filterEmployee(employees,new FilterEmployeeBySalary());
        for (Employee e: emps) {
            System.out.println(e);
        }

    }

在此基础上可以使用匿名内部类

  // 优化方式二  匿名内部类
    @Test
    public void test5(){
        List<Employee> emps = filterEmployee(employees, new MyPredicate<Employee>() {
            @Override
            public boolean test(Employee employee) {
                return employee.age>=30;
            }
        });
        for (Employee e: emps) {
            System.out.println(e);
        }
        System.out.println("-----------------------");
        emps = filterEmployee(employees, new MyPredicate<Employee>() {
            @Override
            public boolean test(Employee employee) {
                return employee.salary>=3000;
            }
        });
        for (Employee e: emps) {
            System.out.println(e);
        }
    }

Lambda表达式写法


    // 优化方式三  lanbda 表达式

    @Test
    public void test6(){
        List<Employee> emps = filterEmployee(employees,(e) -> e.getAge()>=30);
        emps.forEach(System.out::println);
        System.out.println("-----------------------");
        emps = filterEmployee(employees,employee -> employee.getSalary()>=5000);
        emps.forEach(System.out::println);
    }

// 优化方式四 lanbda 表达式 +streamAPI

@Test
public void test7(){
    employees.stream().filter((employee -> employee.getAge()>=30)).forEach(System.out::println);
    System.out.println("===================");
    employees.stream().filter((employee -> employee.getSalary()>=5000)).forEach(System.out::println);
    System.out.println("==================");
    employees.stream().filter((employee -> employee.getSalary()>=5000)).limit(2).forEach(System.out::println);
}
项目地址:https://github.com/xiaoshabi2/java8
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