Springboot使用Swagger生成API接口文档,但是接口返回值都是Map类型,完美解决办法(前后端分离开发必备)

问题描述

Swagger2没有提供描述返回值的API,导致不能注解map类型的返回值,不能返回Json,也不能描述只返回一个实体类中的部分字段的情况。我们需要自己实现这个功能。


网上找到的思路

实际上我在网上发现有人实现了这个功能,实现的原理是使用第三方jar包生成一个类,这个类里包括返回值里应该有的字段,这些字段使用原生的swagger注解,再让swagger去解析这个类。

这样做的优点是确实把参数信息加入了swagger的缓存中;缺点是需要生成额外的类。

这个思路的链接在这里

https://blog.csdn.net/WOSHITANGWENLE/article/details/87881488

我自己的思路 我采用了另一种思路。我的实现思路是通过搜索’/v2/api-docs’找到了

springfox.documentation.swagger2.web.Swagger2Controller.getDocumentation()

方法,发现其实就是返回了一个Swagger对象(参数信息都存在Swagger对象的definitions属性里)。

swagger又是注入了spring容器中进行管理的,那么就很好说了,直接对这个方法进行切面编程即可,切点就是

springfox.documentation.swagger2.mappers.ServiceModelToSwagger2MapperImpl.mapDocumentation

这样做的优点是不需要生成额外的类;缺点是没有能把参数信息实际上加入到swagger的缓存里,只是在访问’/v2/api-docs’时修改了返回值而已。


代码实现

下面就我的实现代码了,图省事的小伙伴可以直接贴在项目里。

1、ApiResponseBodyReader

package com.lsp.config.swagger;
 
import com.fasterxml.classmate.ResolvedType;
import com.google.common.base.Optional;
import com.lsp.entity.Value2;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModel;
import io.swagger.models.ModelImpl;
import io.swagger.models.properties.*;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import springfox.documentation.builders.ResponseMessageBuilder;
import springfox.documentation.schema.ModelRef;
import springfox.documentation.service.ResponseMessage;
import springfox.documentation.spi.DocumentationType;
import springfox.documentation.spi.service.OperationBuilderPlugin;
import springfox.documentation.spi.service.contexts.OperationContext;
 
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.UUID;
 
/**
 * 注册一个OperationBuilderPlugin
 * @author lsp
 */
@Component
public class ApiResponseBodyReader implements OperationBuilderPlugin {
 
    /**
     * 是否支持此类DocumentationType
     * @param delimiter 当前文档类型
     * @return 如果支持当前类型,则返回true
     */
    @Override
    public boolean supports(DocumentationType delimiter) {
        return true;
    }
 
    /**
     * 如果有需要,可对operationContext执行操作
     * @param operationContext 方法上下文
     */
    @Override
    public void apply(OperationContext operationContext) {
        //此方法上有没有ApiResponseObject注解
        boolean apiResponseObjectHandle = false;
 
        apiResponseObjectHandle = apiResponseObjectHandle(operationContext);
 
        //若此方法上没有ApiResponseObject注解
        if(!apiResponseObjectHandle){
            apiResponseFields(operationContext);
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * 处理ApiResponseFields注解
     * @param operationContext
     */
    private void apiResponseFields(OperationContext operationContext){
        Optional<ApiResponseFields> optional = operationContext.findAnnotation(ApiResponseFields.class);
 
        if(optional.isPresent() && !isVoid(operationContext)){
 
            ApiResponseFields responseFields = optional.get();
 
            String model_name =responseFields.modelName();
 
            if("".equals(model_name)){
                model_name = getModelName(operationContext);
            }
 
            String uuid = model_name + "-" + UUID();
 
            String[] fields = responseFields.fields();
 
            Value2<String, String[]> value2 = new Value2<>(model_name, fields);
 
            ModelCache.specified_cache.put(uuid,value2);
 
            addResponseMessage(operationContext,uuid);
 
        }
 
    }
 
    /**
     * 处理ApiResponseObject注解
     * @param operationContext
     * @return 若此方法上有ApiResponseObject注解,则返回true,否则返回false
     */
    private boolean apiResponseObjectHandle(OperationContext operationContext){
        Optional<ApiResponseObject> optional = operationContext.findAnnotation(ApiResponseObject.class);
 
        if(optional.isPresent()){
 
            ApiResponseObject apiResponseObject = optional.get();
 
            ModelImpl model = createModel(apiResponseObject);
 
 
            String model_name = null;
 
            if(isVoid(operationContext)){
                model_name = "Map";
            }else{
                model_name = getModelName(operationContext);
            }
 
            String uuid = model_name + "-" + UUID();
 
            model.setTitle(uuid);
 
            ModelCache.extra_cache.put(uuid,model);
 
            addResponseMessage(operationContext,uuid);
 
            return true;
        }
 
        return false;
    }
 
 
    private boolean isVoid(OperationContext operationContext){
        ResolvedType type = operationContext.getReturnType();
 
        Class<?> aClass = type.getErasedType();
 
        return aClass == void.class;
    }
 
    /**
     * 获取返回值信息的名字
     * @param operationContext
     * @return
     */
    private String getModelName(OperationContext operationContext){
        ResolvedType type = operationContext.getReturnType();
 
        Class<?> aClass = type.getErasedType();
 
        ApiModel apiModel = aClass.getAnnotation(ApiModel.class);
 
        String model_name = null;
        if(apiModel != null){
            model_name = apiModel.value();
        }
 
        if(model_name==null || "".equals(model_name)){
            model_name = aClass.getSimpleName();
        }
 
 
        return model_name;
    }
 
    /**
     * 为operationContext添加状态为200的返ResponseMessage
     * @param operationContext
     * @param typeName
     */
    private void addResponseMessage(OperationContext operationContext,String typeName){
        ResponseMessage responseMessage = new ResponseMessageBuilder()
                .code(200).responseModel(new ModelRef(typeName))
                .build();
 
        HashSet<ResponseMessage> responseMessages = new HashSet<>();
        responseMessages.add(responseMessage);
 
 
        operationContext.operationBuilder().responseMessages(responseMessages);
    }
 
    /**
     * 生成UUID
     * @return
     */
    private String UUID(){
        return UUID.randomUUID().toString();
    }
 
    /**
     * 根据apiResponseObject注解生成一个ModelImpl
     * @param apiResponseObject
     * @return
     */
    private ModelImpl createModel(ApiResponseObject apiResponseObject){
 
        ModelImpl result = new ModelImpl();
 
        //apiResponseObject的类型指定是object
        result.setType("object");
 
        ApiResponseProperty[] properties = apiResponseObject.properties();
 
        for(ApiResponseProperty apiResponseProperty : properties){
 
            String name = apiResponseProperty.name();
            String description = apiResponseProperty.description();
            String type = apiResponseProperty.type();
 
            Property property = null;
 
            if("string".equalsIgnoreCase(type)){
                property = new StringProperty();
            }else if("int".equalsIgnoreCase(type)){
                property = new IntegerProperty();
            }else if("date".equalsIgnoreCase(type)){
                property = new DateProperty();
            }else if("uuid".equalsIgnoreCase(type)){
                property = new UUIDProperty();
            }else{
                throw new RuntimeException("未支持的类型");
            }
 
            property.setDescription(description);
 
            result.property(name,property);
 
        }
 
        return result;
    }
 
}

2、ApiResponseFields

package com.lsp.config.swagger;
 
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
 
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface ApiResponseFields {
 
    String modelName() default "";
 
    String[] fields();
}

3、ApiResponseObject

package com.lsp.config.swagger;
 
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
 
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface ApiResponseObject {
 
    String name() default "";
 
    String description() default "";
 
    ApiResponseProperty[] properties();
 
}

4、ApiResponseProperty

package com.lsp.config.swagger;
 
public @interface ApiResponseProperty {
 
    String name();
 
    String description() default "";
 
    String type();
 
}

5、ModelCache

package com.lsp.config.swagger;
 
import com.lsp.entity.Value2;
import io.swagger.models.Model;
 
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
 
public class ModelCache {
 
    static Map<String, Model> extra_cache = new HashMap<>();
 
    static Map<String, Value2<String,String[]>> specified_cache = new HashMap<>();
 
}

6、SwaggerAop

package com.lsp.config.swagger;
 
import io.swagger.models.Model;
import io.swagger.models.ModelImpl;
import io.swagger.models.Swagger;
import io.swagger.models.properties.Property;
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 
import java.util.Map;
 
@Aspect
@Component
public class SwaggerAop {
 
    @Pointcut(value = "execution(public * springfox.documentation.swagger2.mappers.ServiceModelToSwagger2MapperImpl.mapDocumentation(..))")
    public void point(){
 
    }
 
    @Around("point()")
    public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint proceedingJoinPoint) throws Throwable {
        Swagger swagger = (Swagger) proceedingJoinPoint.proceed();
 
        Map<String, Model> returnValue = swagger.getDefinitions() ;
 
        returnValue.putAll(ModelCache.extra_cache);
 
        ModelCache.specified_cache.entrySet().forEach(e->{
 
            String key = e.getKey();
 
            String model_name = e.getValue().v1;
 
            String[] fields = e.getValue().v2;
 
            Model model = returnValue.get(model_name);
 
            if(model == null){
                throw new RuntimeException("不存在的类型"+model_name);
            }
 
            Map<String, Property> properties = model.getProperties();
 
            ModelImpl newModel = new ModelImpl();
 
            newModel.setDescription(model.getDescription());
            for(String field : fields){
                Property property = properties.get(field);
                if(property == null){
                    throw new RuntimeException("不存在的属性"+field);
                }
                newModel.property(field,property);
            }
 
            returnValue.put(key,newModel);
 
        });
 
        return swagger;
    }
 
}

7、Value2

package com.lsp.entity;
/**
* 存放多个实例的便捷类
*/
public class Value2<T,V> {
 
    public final T v1;
 
    public final V v2;
 
    public Value2(T v1, V v2) {
        this.v1 = v1;
        this.v2 = v2;
    }
 
}

8、使用方法:

package com.lsp.controller;
 
import com.lsp.config.swagger2.ApiResponseFields;
import com.lsp.config.swagger2.ApiResponseObject;
import com.lsp.config.swagger2.ApiResponseProperty;
import com.lsp.model.IMessage;
import com.lsp.model.Person;
import com.lsp.service.IService;
import io.swagger.annotations.*;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.security.access.prepost.PreAuthorize;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import springfox.documentation.annotations.ApiIgnore;
 
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.util.Map;
 
@RestController
@Api(description = "用户接口")
public class IController {
 
    /**
     * 查看用户详情
     * @param id 用户id
     * @return 用户信息
     */
    @GetMapping("/select/{id}")
    @PreAuthorize("hasAnyRole('ROLE_ADMIN')")
    @ApiOperation(value = "查看用户详情",notes = "使用说明")
    @ApiResponseFields(fields = {"id","firstName","lastName","email","address"})
    public Person select(@ApiParam(name="用户id") @PathVariable int id){
        return null;
    }
 
 
    @PutMapping("/put/{id}")
    @ApiOperation(value = "更新用户信息",notes = "使用说明")
    @ApiImplicitParams({
            @ApiImplicitParam(name = "id",value = "用户id",paramType = "path",dataType = "MAP_>"),
            @ApiImplicitParam(name = "username",value="用户名",paramType = "query",dataType = "string"),
            @ApiImplicitParam(name = "password",value="密码",paramType = "query",dataType = "string")
    })
    @ApiResponseObject(properties = {
            @ApiResponseProperty(name = "username",description = "用户名",type = "string"),
            @ApiResponseProperty(name = "email",description = "用户邮箱",type = "string"),
            @ApiResponseProperty(name = "address",description = "用户住址",type = "string"),
    })
    public Map<String,Object> put(@ApiIgnore @PathVariable String id,
                        @ApiIgnore @RequestParam java.util.Map<String,Object> params){
        System.out.println(params);
        return null;
    }
}


最终效果

启动项目,访问http://127.0.0.1/swagger-ui.html#/

页面如图:

点开Models:

  

可以看到后缀上加了一串uuid的我使用aop注入的信息,没有uuid后缀的则是swagger自己解析的信息。

增强版swagger:

 
感觉Swagger功能不够强大?knife4j这款神器了解一下....
Knife4j 接口文档

knife4j是为Java MVC框架集成Swagger生成Api文档的增强解决方案,前身是swagger-bootstrap-ui,取名kni4j是希望她能像一把匕首一样小巧、轻量、并且功能强悍!

knife4j的前身是swagger-bootstrap-ui,为了契合微服务的架构发展,由于原来swagger-bootstrap-ui采用的是后端Java代码+前端Ui混合打包的方式,在微服务架构下显的很臃肿,因此项目正式更名为knife4j。

更名后主要专注的方面

  • 前后端Java代码以及前端Ui模块进行分离,在微服务架构下使用更加灵活

  • 提供专注于Swagger的增强解决方案,不同于只是改善增强前端Ui部分

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