转载自:点击打开链接,解答了我很久的疑惑,收藏起来
为什么dubbo启动没有问题?
这篇blog源于一个疑问:
我们公司使了阿里的dubbo,但是阿里的开源网站http://code.alibabatech.com,挂掉有好几个月了,为什么我们的应用启动没有问题?
我们的应用的Spring配置文件里有类似的配置:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
- http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo
- http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">
比如这样的一个Spring配置:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
- </beans>
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
XML的一些概念
首先来看下xml的一些概念:
xml的schema里有namespace,可以给它起个别名。比如常见的spring的namespace:
- xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
- xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/security
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security.xsd"
Spring是如何校验XML的
Spring默认在启动时是要加载XSD文件来验证xml文件的,所以如果有的时候断网了,或者一些开源软件切换域名,那么就很容易碰到应用启动不了。我记得当时Oracle收购Sun公司时,遇到过这个情况。
为了防止这种情况,Spring提供了一种机制,默认从本地加载XSD文件。打开spring-context-3.2.0.RELEASE.jar,可以看到里面有两个特别的文件:
spring.handlers
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context=org.springframework.context.config.ContextNamespaceHandler
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/jee=org.springframework.ejb.config.JeeNamespaceHandler
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/lang=org.springframework.scripting.config.LangNamespaceHandler
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/task=org.springframework.scheduling.config.TaskNamespaceHandler
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/cache=org.springframework.cache.config.CacheNamespaceHandler
spring.schemas
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-2.5.xsd
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-3.0.xsd
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-3.1.xsd
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-3.2.xsd
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-3.2.xsd
- ...
spring-context-2.5.xsd
spring-context-3.0.xsd
spring-context-3.1.xsd
spring-context-3.2.xsd
很明显,可以想到Spring是把XSD文件放到本地了,再在spring.schemas里做了一个映射,优先从本地里加载XSD文件。
并且Spring很贴心,把旧版本的XSD文件也全放了。这样可以防止升级了Spring版本,而配置文件里用的还是旧版本的XSD文件,然后断网了,应用启动不了。
我们还可以看到,在没有配置版本号时,用的就是当前版本的XSD文件:
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-3.2.xsd
- http\://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd=META-INF/dubbo.xsd
如何跳过Spring的XML校验?
可以用这样的方式来跳过校验:
- GenericXmlApplicationContext context = new GenericXmlApplicationContext();
- context.setValidating(false);