《C++ Primer Plus（第6版）》编程练习代码 Chapter 8

Chapter 8

8.1

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

void show(char * ch, int n = 0);

int main()
{
    char ch[10] = "A B C\n";
    for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
    {
        cout << i << endl;
        show(ch, i);
    }
    cin.get();
    cin.get();
}

void show(char * ch, int n)
{
    static int count = 0;
    int lim = ++count;
    if (n == 0)
        lim = 1;
    for (int i = 0; i < lim; ++i)
    {
        cout << ch;
    }
}

重要知识点：static的用法，在这里可以在函数内部实现记录函数调用的次数。

8.2

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;
const int SIZE = 30;

struct CandyBar
{
    char name[SIZE];
    double weight;
    int heat;
};

void fill(CandyBar & c, const char * name = "Millennium Munch", const double weight = 2.85, const int heat = 350);
void Show(const CandyBar & c);

int main()
{
    CandyBar candy = {"void", 0.0, 0};
    fill(candy);
    Show(candy);
    cin.get();
    cin.get();
}

void fill(CandyBar & c, const char * name, const double weight, const int heat)
{
    int i = 0;
    while (name[i])
    {
        c.name[i] = name[i];
        ++i;
    }
    while (i < SIZE)
    {
        c.name[i] = '\0';
        ++i;
    }
    c.weight = weight;
    c.heat = heat;
}

void Show(const CandyBar & c)
{
    cout << "name of CandyBar: " << c.name << endl;
    cout << "weight of CandyBar: " << c.weight << endl;
    cout << "heat of CandyBar: " << c.heat << endl;
}

重要知识点：①. 函数默认值必须从右向左设置; ②. 可以直接输入数据源类型作为函数引用类型, 比如这里candy作为 candy &输入.

8.3

#include<iostream>
#include<cctype>
#include<string>

using namespace std;

void L2U(string & str);

int main()
{
    string str, q = "q";
    cout << "Enter a string (qto quit): ";
    getline(cin, str);
    while (str != q)
    {
        L2U(str);
        cout << str << endl;
        cout << "Next string (q to quit): ";
        getline(cin, str);
    }
    cout << "Bye.";
    cin.get();
    cin.get();
}

void L2U(string & str)
{
    int n = str.length();
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
    {
        str[i] = toupper(str[i]);
    }
}

重要知识点: ①. getline(cin, str) 读取整行字符; ②. string.length()返回string长度; ③. toupper( )只能接受单个字符.

8.4

#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>

using namespace std;

struct stringy
{
    char * str;
    int ct;
};

void set(stringy & stri, const char * ch);
void show(const stringy stri, const int n = 1);
void show(const char * ch, int n = 1);

int main()
{
    stringy beany;
    char testing[] = "Reality isn't  what it used to be.";

    set(beany, testing);
    show(beany);
    show(beany, 2);
    testing[0] = 'D';
    testing[1] = 'u';
    show(testing);
    show(testing, 3);
    show("Done!");
    cin.get();
    cin.get();
    return 0;
}

void set(stringy & stri, const char * ch)
{
    int len = strlen(ch);
    char * st = new char[len + 1];
    stri.str = st;
    strcpy_s(st, len + 1, ch);
    stri.ct = len;
}

void show(const stringy stri, const int n)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
        cout << stri.str << endl;
}

void show(const char * ch, int n)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
        cout << ch << endl;
}

重要知识点: ①. 需要用变量设置字符串长度时, 需要用new : char * st = new char[len + 1], 设置st指向一个长度为len+1(包含’\0’)的字符串开头; ②. 使用strcpy会报错,应当使用更为安全的strcpy_s: strcpy(st, len + 1, ch) 即把ch中(len+1)个字符复制到st中.

8.5

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

template<class T> T max5(T a[]);

int main()
{
    int a1[5] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
    double a2[5] = { 1.1, 2.2, 3.5, 4.3, 5.9 };
    cout << "Max of a1: " << max5(a1) << endl;
    cout << "Max of a2: " << max5(a2);
    cin.get();
}

template<class T> T max5(T a[])
{
    T max = a[0];
    for (int i = 1; i < 5; ++i)
    {
        if (a[i] > max)
            max = a[i];
    }
    return max;
}

重要知识点: ①. 模板函数 template <class T> 的使用: template<class T> T max5(T a[]).

8.6

#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>

using namespace std;

template<class T> T maxn(T a[], int n);
template<> char * maxn<char *>(char * a[], int n);

int main()
{
    const int intN = 6, doubleN = 4, charN = 5;
    int a[intN] = { 2,3,1,4,5,6 };
    double b[doubleN] = { 1.3, 2.5, 6.4, 5.1 };
    char * c[charN] = { "hello", "yo", "homme", "nice to meet you", "how are you?" };
    cout << "Max of int: " << maxn(a, intN) << endl;
    cout << "Max of double: " << maxn(b, doubleN) << endl;
    cout << "Max of char: " << maxn(c, charN) << endl;
    cin.get();
}

template<class T> T maxn(T a[], int n)
{
    T max = a[0];
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
    {
        if (a[i] > max)
            max = a[i];
    }
    return max;
}

template<> char * maxn<char *>(char * a[], int n)
{
    int * len = new int[n];
    int max = 0;
    char * ind = a[0];
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
    {
        len[i] = strlen(a[i]);
        if (len[i] > max)
        {
            max = len[i];
            ind = a[i];
        }
    }
    delete[] len;
    return ind;
}

重要知识点: ①. 模板函数具体化 template<> char * maxn<char *>(char * a[], int n); ②. 函数调用字符串组: char * a[k] 代表k个(k行)字符串的指针组成的指针数组, a[k] == (a + k) ; 对比函数调用二维数组: int ar[][k], 代表k列数组的指针, ar[][k] == (*ar)[k], ar[m][n] = (*(ar + m) + n) ,其中ar为指向第一行第一列数字的指针.

8.7

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

template<typename T> void SumArray(T arr[], int n);
template<typename T> void SumArray(T * arr[], int n);

struct debts
{
    char name[50];
    double amount;
};

int main()
{
    int things[6] = { 13, 31, 103, 301, 310, 130 };
    struct debts mr_E[3] =
    {
        {"Ima Wolfe", 2400.0},
        {"Ura Foxe", 1300.0},
        {"Iby Stout", 1800.0}
    };
    double * pd[3];

    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
        pd[i] = &mr_E[i].amount;

    cout << "Listing Mr. E's sum of things:\n";
    SumArray(things, 6);

    cout << "Listing Me. E's debts:\n";
    SumArray(pd, 3);
    cin.get();
    cin.get();
}

template<typename T>
void SumArray(T arr[], int n)
{
    cout << "template A\n";
    int sum = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
        sum += arr[i];
    cout << sum << endl;
}

template<typename T>
void SumArray(T * arr[], int n)
{
    double sum = 0;
    cout << "template B\n";
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
        sum += *arr[i];
    cout << sum << endl;
}

重点知识点: ①. 重载解析选择顺序为: 完全匹配(常规函数由于模板) > 提升转换(如char/short转化为int,float转化为double) > 标准转换(如int转换为char, long转换为double) > 用户定义的转换(如类声明中的定义).