三门实验的小demo

三门实验概括

有三扇门，其中一扇门后是有奖品，当参与者选择一扇门后，主持人帮助参与者排除一个错处选项，此时参与者有一次选择是否换门的机会，该实验是通过模拟抽奖的情况分别对换门做1w次实验，不换门做1w次实验，对比获奖的概率。

import random
import threading


def choose_change(change_flage: bool, index, residue_choice):
    """
    换门操作
    :param change_flage:true换门，false不换门
    :return:
    """
    return residue_choice if change_flage else index


def lottery(change_flag: bool, times: int):
    """
    抽奖流程
    :param change_flag: 是否换门换门为True，不换是False
    :param times:次数
    :return:
    """
    # 工作人员，把奖品放到随机一扇门
    i = 1
    file_name = "change_door.csv" if change_flag else "not_change_door.csv"
    with open(file_name, 'a+') as f:
        f.write(f"实验次数,放置奖品,第一次选门牌,剔除后剩余门牌号,换门选择,最后选择,结果\n")
        while i <= times:
            box = random.choice(sample)
            # print("奖品放置情况：", box)
            # 参与者随机选择一扇门
            index = random.randint(0, 2)
            # print("参与者抽到的第", index+1, "扇门")
            if box[index] == "Y" and change_flag is True:
                f.write(f"{i},{box},{index + 1},,{change_flag},,0\n")
                print(f"{i},{box},{index + 1},,{change_flag},,0\n")
                print("------------------------")
                i += 1
                continue
            else:
                # 剩余的两扇门
                residue_choice = choice_map[index]
                residue_choice = residue_choice[1] if box[residue_choice[0]] == "N" else residue_choice[0]
                # print("剔除异常的门牌号后，剩余的门号是", residue_choice+1)
                # 参与者选择换门还是不换门
                final_choice = choose_change(change_flag, index, residue_choice)
                # 判断是否得奖
                win = "1" if box[final_choice] == "Y" else "0"
                # print(win)
                print(f"{i},{box},{index + 1},{residue_choice + 1},{change_flag},{final_choice},{win}\n")
                print("------------------------")
                i += 1
                f.write(f"{i},{box},{index + 1},{residue_choice + 1},{change_flag},{final_choice},{win}\n")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 从三种情况中选择一项 Y代表中奖，N代表不中奖
    sample = ['YNN', 'NYN', 'NNY']

    choice_map = {
        0: [1, 2],
        1: [0, 2],
        2: [0, 1]
    }

    t1 = threading.Thread(target=lottery, args=(True, 10000))
    t2 = threading.Thread(target=lottery, args=(False, 10000))

    t1.start()
    t2.start()

实验结果写到了两个csv文件里面

总结

从最后的结果换门的概率的确比不换门高，而且是约等于2倍。