第042讲: 魔法方法：算术运算1 | 学习记录（小甲鱼零基础入门学习Python）

（标答出处: 鱼C论坛）
《零基础入门学习Python》

测试题：

答：工厂函数其实就是一个类对象，当你调用他们的时候实际上就是创建了一个对象。 例：

a = int ('123')
print (a)
b = int ('345')
print (b)
print (a+b)

运行结果


答：当实例对象进行假发操作时，会自动调用 __ add __ 的魔法方法。

答 ：类的属性名和方法名绝对不能相同。 如果如同下面这样写，那么问题就出现了。

class Foo :
    def __init__ (self) :
        self.foo = 'I love you'
    def foo(self) :
        return self.foo
    
foo = Foo() 
foo.foo()

运行结果：

运算符	对应的魔法方法
+	__ add __(self,other)
-	__ sub __(self,other)
*	__ mul __(self,other)
/	__ truediv__(self,other)
//	__ floordiv__(self,other)
%	__ mod __(self,other)
divmod(a,b)	divmod(self,other)
**	__ pow __(self, other[, modulo])
<<	__ lshiift __(self,other)
>>	__ rshift __(self,other)
&	__ and __(self, other)
^	__ xor __(self, other)
I	__ or __(self, other)

答：说明python支持鸭子类型（duck typing）风格。

动动手

class Nstr (str):
    def __sub__ (self,other):
        return self.replace(other,'')

a = Nstr ('I love Fishc yeyeye')
b = Nstr ('ye')
print (a-b)

运行结果：

class Nstr (str):
    def __lshift__ (self,other) :
        return self[other:] +self[:other]
    def __rshift__ (self,other) :
        return self[:-other]+self[-other:]

a = Nstr ('I love Fishc yeyeye!')
print (a<<3)
print (a>>3)

运行结果：

class Nstr (str):
    """加"""
    def __add__ (self,other) :
        total1 = 0
        total2 = 0
        for each in self :
            total1 = total1 + ord (each)
        self = total1
        for each in other :
            total2 = total2 + ord (each)
        other = total2
        return self.__add__(other)
    """减"""
    def __sub__ (self,other) :
        total1 = 0
        total2 = 0
        for each in self :
            total1 = total1 + ord (each)
        self = total1
        for each in other :
            total2 = total2 + ord (each)
        other = total2
        return self.__sub__(other)
    """乘"""
    def __mul__ (self,other) :
        total1 = 0
        total2 = 0
        for each in self :
            total1 = total1 + ord (each)
        self = total1
        for each in other :
            total2 = total2 + ord (each)
        other = total2
        return self.__mul__ (other)
    """除"""
    def __truediv__ (self,other) :
        total1 = 0
        total2 = 0
        for each in self :
            total1 = total1 + ord (each)
        self = total1
        for each in other :
            total2 = total2 + ord (each)
        other = total2
        return self.__truediv__(other)
    """整除"""
    def __floordiv__ (self,other) :
        total1 = 0
        total2 = 0
        for each in self :
            total1 = total1 + ord (each)
        self = total1
        for each in other :
            total2 = total2 + ord (each)
        other = total2
        return self.__floordiv__(other)

a = Nstr ('I love Xmy !')
b = Nstr ('love')
print (a+b)
print (a-b)
print (a*b)
print (a/b)
print (a//b)

运行结果：

或者如下：

class Nstr (str):
    def __init__ (self,arg = '') :
        if isinstance (arg , str ) : 
            self.total = 0
            for each in arg :
                self.total += ord(each)
        else :
            print ('参数错误！')
    """加"""
    def __add__ (self,other) :
        return self.total  + other.total
    """减"""
    def __sub__ (self,other) :
        return self.total  - other.total
    """乘"""
    def __mul__ (self,other) :
        return self.total  * other.total
    """除"""
    def __truediv__ (self,other) :
        return self.total  / other.total
    """整除"""
    def __floordiv__ (self,other) :
        return self.total  // other.total

a = Nstr ('FishC')
b = Nstr ('love')
print (a+b)
print (a-b)
print (a*b)
print (a/b)
print (a//b)