车辆正常行驶的状态可以分成三类:车道保持(Keep Lane, KL)、变道(Change Lane, CL)和转弯(Turn)。车道保持和转弯可以采用运动学模型进行预测,变道过程无法用简单的运动学模型来描述,采用特定的变道模型。
基于运动学模型的轨迹预测
基于运动学模型的轨迹预测方法有:
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Constant Velocity (CV):
X k + 1 = X k + [ v t cos ( θ ) v t sin ( θ ) 0 0 0 0 ] T X_{k+1}=X_k+\begin{bmatrix} vt\cos(\theta) & vt\sin(\theta) & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\end{bmatrix} ^T Xk+1=Xk+[vtcos(θ)vtsin(θ)0000]T -
Constant Acceleration (CA):
X k + 1 = X k + [ ( v t + 1 / 2 a t 2 ) cos ( θ ) ( v t + 1 / 2 a t 2 ) sin ( θ ) 0 0 0 0 ] T X_{k+1}=X_k+\begin{bmatrix}(vt+1/2at^2)\cos(\theta) & (vt+1/2at^2)\sin(\theta) & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0\end{bmatrix} ^T Xk+1=Xk+[(vt+1/2at2)cos(θ)(vt+1/2at2)sin(θ)0000]T -
Constant Turn Rate and Velocity (CTRV):
X k + 1 = X k + [ v w ( sin ( θ + w t ) − sin ( θ ) ) v w ( cos ( θ ) − cos ( θ + w t ) ) w t 0