使用Qt封装的OpenGL接口练习多个VAO的相互切换画三角形

一、大体逻辑

1、创建两vao，绑定不同的ebo，一个绘制尖头向上的三角形，另一个绘制尖头向下的三角形

2、两vao共一个vbo

3、用于练习使用一些基础的API使用

4、如下图

二、头文件

#ifndef WIDGET_H
#define WIDGET_H

#include <QOpenGLWidget>
#include <QOpenGLFunctions_4_5_Core>
#include <QOpenGLShaderProgram>
#include <QOpenGLBuffer>
#include <QOpenGLVertexArrayObject>

class Widget : public QOpenGLWidget, protected QOpenGLFunctions_4_5_Core
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    Widget(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
    ~Widget();

protected:
    virtual void initializeGL() override;
    virtual void resizeGL(int w, int h) override;
    virtual void paintGL() override;

private:
    QOpenGLShaderProgram *m_program;
    QOpenGLBuffer *vbo, *ebo, *ebo_1;
    QOpenGLVertexArrayObject *vao, *vao_1;
};
#endif // WIDGET_H

三、源文件

#include "widget.h"

Widget::Widget(QWidget *parent)
    : QOpenGLWidget(parent)
{
    vbo = new QOpenGLBuffer(QOpenGLBuffer::VertexBuffer);

    vao = new QOpenGLVertexArrayObject();
    ebo = new QOpenGLBuffer(QOpenGLBuffer::IndexBuffer);

    ebo_1 = new QOpenGLBuffer(QOpenGLBuffer::IndexBuffer);
    vao_1 = new QOpenGLVertexArrayObject();
}

Widget::~Widget()
{
    m_program->release();
    delete m_program;
    delete vbo;
    delete ebo;
    delete vao;

    delete ebo_1;
    delete vao_1;
}

//[]设置OpenGL资源和状态，最先调用且调用一次。
void Widget::initializeGL()
{
    initializeOpenGLFunctions();

    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
    glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE);

    m_program = new QOpenGLShaderProgram(this);
    m_program->addShaderFromSourceFile(QOpenGLShader::Vertex, ":/shader/vertex.vert");
    m_program->addShaderFromSourceFile(QOpenGLShader::Fragment, ":/shader/fragment.frag");
    m_program->link();

    float vertices[] = {
        -1, 0, 0,
         1, 0, 0,
         0, 1, 0,
         0,-1, 0,
    };

    unsigned int indices[] = {  // note that we start from 0!
        0, 1, 2, /* 从第0个顶点开始逆时针开始图三角形 */
    };

    unsigned int indices_1[] = {  // note that we start from 0!
        0, 3, 1, /* 这个也要是逆时针，不是，就画不出来 */
    };

    vao->create();
    vao->bind();

    vbo->create();
    vbo->bind();// 选绑定
    vbo->setUsagePattern(QOpenGLBuffer::StaticDraw);
    vbo->allocate(vertices, sizeof(vertices));// 再分配数据

    ebo->create();
    ebo->bind();
    ebo->allocate(indices, sizeof(indices));

    m_program->enableAttributeArray("aPos");
    m_program->setAttributeBuffer("aPos", GL_FLOAT, 0 * sizeof(GLfloat), 3, 3 * sizeof(GLfloat));

    vao->release();


    vao_1->create();
    vao_1->bind();

    ebo_1->create();
    ebo_1->bind();
    ebo_1->setUsagePattern(QOpenGLBuffer::StaticDraw);
    ebo_1->allocate(indices_1, sizeof(indices_1));

    m_program->enableAttributeArray("aPos");
    m_program->setAttributeBuffer("aPos", GL_FLOAT, 0 * sizeof(GLfloat), 3, 3 * sizeof(GLfloat));

    vao_1->release();
}

//[]渲染OpenGL窗口，当窗口widget需要更新时调用
void Widget::paintGL()
{
    glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

    m_program->bind();

    vao->bind();
    glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 3, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0);
    vao->release();

    vao_1->bind();
    glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 3, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0);
    vao_1->release();

    m_program->release();
}

//[]设置OpenGL视口、投影等，当widget调整大小(或首次显示)时调用
void Widget::resizeGL(int width, int height)
{
    int side = qMin(width, height);
    glViewport((width - side) / 2, (height - side) / 2, side, side);
}

四、顶点着色器

#version 450 core

layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;

void main(void)
{
    gl_Position = vec4(aPos.x, aPos.y, aPos.z, 1.0);
}

五、片段着色器

#version 450 core

out vec4 FragColor;

void main()
{
    FragColor = vec4(1.0f, 0.5f, 0.2f, 1.0f);//使用固定颜色
}