Lua （三）万恶的元表 metatable

1.设置元表

--第一种方式.设置元表
local mytable = {"unity","ue4","touchdesigner","processing"}
local mymetatable = {}
mytable =  setmetatable(mytable,mymetatable)

print("普通表key=3的值为: "..mytable[3])
print("普通表元表的内存地址：")
print(getmetatable(mytable))
print("元表的内存地址: ")
print( mymetatable)

--第二种方式.设置元表
mytable = setmetatable({"unity","ue4","touchdesigner","processing"},{})
print("普通表key=3的值为: "..mytable[3])

 

 

2. __metatable    使用 __metatable可以保护元表,禁止用户访问元素中的成员或者修改元表

--> 使用 __metatable可以保护元表,禁止用户访问元素中的成员或者修改元表
mytable = setmetatable({"unity","ue4","touchdesigner","processing"},{__metatable = "lock"})
print(getmetatable(mytable))

 

 

3. __index 元方法

--> __index 指向一个方法 未获取普通表的key值 ,执行__index 元方法

local mytable = {"unity","ue4","touchdesigner","processing"}
local mymetatable = {
 __index = function(table,key) -->当没有查询到key时,table传入该方法,执行该方法
    print(table)
    print("不存在这个key: "..key)
    return "DefaultValue"  --> 方法执行,我们可以返回一个默认值
 end
}
mytable =  setmetatable(mytable,mymetatable)

print(mytable[1])
print("返回的默认值为: "..mytable[10])

 

--> __index 指向一个表 未获取普通表的key值 ,在指向表中查找该key值

local mytable = {"unity","ue4","touchdesigner","processing"}
local newtable = {}
newtable[8] = "3Dmax"
newtable[9] = "vvvv"
newtable[10] = "openframework"
local mymetatable = {
 __index = newtable 
}
mytable =  setmetatable(mytable,mymetatable)

print(mytable[1])
print(mytable[10])

 

4.  __newindex  方法

只有给表添加新的键值对的时候才会走 __newindex方法 

local mytable = {"unity","ue4","touchdesigner","processing"}
local mymetatable = {
  __newindex = function (table,key,value)
      print("新添加的key为: " .. key.. " 新添加的value为: " .. value)
      rawset(table,key,value)
  end  
}
mytable =  setmetatable(mytable,mymetatable)

mytable[1] = "c#"
mytable[100] = "NewKey"
print(mytable[100])