Java多线程基础：join()方法的详细分析

1. join

原文：https://blog.csdn.net/u013425438/article/details/80205693

public class TestJoin {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
		ThreadTest t1=new ThreadTest("A");
		ThreadTest t2=new ThreadTest("B");
		t1.start();
		t1.join();
		t2.start();
	}
}

1.1 join方法说明

t.join()方法只会使主线程（或者说调用t.join()的线程）进入等待池，并等待t线程执行完毕后才会被唤醒。并不影响同一时刻处在运行状态的其它线程。

1.2 join的实现原理

join的源码

    /**
     * Waits for this thread to die.
     *
     * <p> An invocation of this method behaves in exactly the same
     * way as the invocation
     *
     * <blockquote>
     * {@linkplain #join(long) join}{@code (0)}
     * </blockquote>
     *
     * @throws  InterruptedException
     *          if any thread has interrupted the current thread. The
     *          <i>interrupted status</i> of the current thread is
     *          cleared when this exception is thrown.
     */
    public final void join() throws InterruptedException {
        join(0);            //join()等同于join(0)
    }
    /**
     * Waits at most {@code millis} milliseconds for this thread to
     * die. A timeout of {@code 0} means to wait forever.
     *
     * <p> This implementation uses a loop of {@code this.wait} calls
     * conditioned on {@code this.isAlive}. As a thread terminates the
     * {@code this.notifyAll} method is invoked. It is recommended that
     * applications not use {@code wait}, {@code notify}, or
     * {@code notifyAll} on {@code Thread} instances.
     *
     * @param  millis
     *         the time to wait in milliseconds
     *
     * @throws  IllegalArgumentException
     *          if the value of {@code millis} is negative
     *
     * @throws  InterruptedException
     *          if any thread has interrupted the current thread. The
     *          <i>interrupted status</i> of the current thread is
     *          cleared when this exception is thrown.
     */
    public final synchronized void join(long millis) throws InterruptedException {
        long base = System.currentTimeMillis();
        long now = 0;
 
        if (millis < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("timeout value is negative");
        }
 
        if (millis == 0) {
            while (isAlive()) {
                wait(0);           //join(0)等同于wait(0)，即wait无限时间直到被notify
            }
        } else {
            while (isAlive()) {
                long delay = millis - now;
                if (delay <= 0) {
                    break;
                }
                wait(delay);
                now = System.currentTimeMillis() - base;
            }
        }
    }

可以得出如下结果：

1. join()的底层是利用wait()方法实现的；
2. join()是一个同步方法；
3. 当主线程调用t1.join()时，主线程优先获得了t1对象的锁，随后进入方法，调用了t1对象的wait()方法，使主线程进入了t1对象的等待池，等到t1线程执行完毕之后，主线程继续执行。

PS: join源码中，只会调用wait方法，并没有在结束时调用notify，这是因为线程在die的时候会自动调用自身的notifyAll方法，来释放所有的资源和锁。