Python 学习第一天

（一）字符串

1.1 字符串的打印

说明引号可以是双引号也可以是单引号。

print('spam eggs')      # single quotes
print('doesn\'t')       # use \' to escape the single quote...
print("doesn't")        # ...or use double quotes instead
print('"Yes,"he said.')
print("\"Yes,\"he said.")
print('\"Isn\'t," he said.')

spam eggs
doesn't
doesn't
"Yes,"he said.
"Yes,"he said.
"Isn't," he said.

如果不想以（\）字符被解释为特殊字符，你可以通过添加一个r使用原始字符串：

print('C:\some\name')  #here \n means newline!
print("C:\\some\\name")
print(r'C:\some\name') #note the r before the quote

C:\some
ame
C:\some\name
C:\some\name

1.2 合并（拼接）字符串

字符串可以通过（+）操作符合并在一起，重复使用（*）操作符。

# 3 times 'un', followed by 'ium'
print(3 * 'un' + 'ium')

unununium

当你想断开长字符串时，可使用如下的方式。

text = ('Put several strings within parentheses '
        'to have them joined together.')
print(text)

Put several strings within parentheses to have them joined together.

使用内置函数len(),返回字符串的长度。

s = 'supercalifragilisticexpialidocious'
print(len(s))
34

1.3 使用制表符或换行符来添加空白

在字符串中添加制表符，可使用字符组合\t

>>> print("Python")
Python
>>> print("\tPython")
	Python

在字符串里添加换行符，可使用字符组合\n

>>> print("Languages:\n\tPython\n\tC\n\tJavaScript")
Languages:
	Python
	C
	JavaScript

1.4 删除空白

Python能够找出字符串开头和末尾多余的空白。删除字符串末尾空白，使用rstrip().删除字符串开头空白，使用lstrip().删除字符串两端的空白，使用strip().

>>> favorite_language = "Python "
>>> favorite_language = favorite_language.rstrip()
>>> favorite_language
'Python'

>>> favorite_language = " Python"
>>> favorite_language = favorite_language.lstrip()
>>> favorite_language
'Python'

>>> favorite_language = " Python "
>>> favorite_language = favorite_language.strip()
>>> favorite_language
'Python'

（二）数字

2.1 数字

在Python中，可对整数执行加（+）减（-）乘（*）除（/）运算。

print(2+2)
print(50-5*6)
print((50-5*6)/4)
print(8/5)

除（/）总是返回一个浮点类型（float）；地板除（//）返回一个整型（舍弃小数部分）；求余数（%）。

print(17 / 3)  # classic division returns a float
print(17 // 3)  # floor division discards the fractional part
print(17 % 3)  # the % operator returns the remainder of the division
print(5 * 3 + 2)  # result * divisor + remainder

5.666666666666667
5
2
17

在Python中，可以使用（**）操作符，求平方。

print(5**2)
print(2**7)

25
128

等号（=），被用来给变量赋值。

width = 20
height = 5*9
print(width*height)

900

如果一个变量没有被定义（未赋值操作），会导致错误。

n #try to access an undefined variable

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "G:/projects/demo.py", line 8, in <module>
    n #try to access an undefined variable
NameError: name 'n' is not defined

在Python中，支持浮点运算。混合类型的操作符，先转换整型为浮点在进行浮点运算。

print(4 * 3.75 -1)
14.0

2.2 使用函数str()避免类型错误

>>> age = 23
>>> message = "Happy " + str(age)+"rd Birthday"
>>> message
'Happy 23rd Birthday'
>>> print(message)
Happy 23rd Birthday

2.3 注释

注释用井号（#）标识。井号后面的内容都会被解释器Python解释器忽略。

>>> #向大家问好
>>> print("Hello Python People !")
Hello Python People !